基于文档重排列的中文信息检索系统(英文)

对于文本信息检索,用户都希望从被检索出来的前N篇文章中得到更多的相关信息。本文介绍一个基于文档重排列的中文信息检索系统。为了通过重排列初检索文本来提高检索结果的精确率,该系统按照初检索结果中前100个排列文档中的关键词的分布对结果中的所有1000个文档进行重排列。实验中使用NTCIR-3正式的中文测试数据作为测试集,结果表明,该系统对中文文本检索精确率的提高取得一定的效果。     

同伴拒绝、同伴接纳与农村留守儿童的心理适应：亲子亲合与逆境信念的作用*

以424名农村儿童为被试,基于留守儿童和非留守儿童之间的比较,在同伴关系的背景下探讨了亲子亲合与个体逆境信念对儿童攻击、学业违纪与孤独感的作用。结果表明：(1)同伴拒绝能显著增加儿童的攻击、学业违纪与孤独感,同伴接纳则显著降低儿童的学业违纪与孤独感,亲子亲合、积极的逆境信念能够显著降低儿童的孤独感;(2)亲子亲合对同伴拒绝与儿童攻击、学业违纪之间关系的调节效应在双亲外出儿童与非留守儿童群体中存在差异：高亲合条件下,同伴拒绝与非留守儿童的攻击、学业违纪之间存在显著关联,但是在双亲外出儿童中,这些关联不再显著;(3)亲子亲合能够调节同伴接纳与儿童孤独感之间的关系：在低亲合条件下,同伴接纳能够显著降低儿童的孤独感,但是二者在高亲合条件下不再存在关联。结果提示,农村留守儿童与父母间的紧密情感联结对于促进其心理适应具有保护作用,同伴接纳对儿童的亲情缺失具有补偿作用。     

Career adaptability development in adolescence: Multiple predictors and effect on sense of power and life satisfaction

This longitudinal panel study investigated predictors of career adaptability development and its effect on development of sense of power and experience of life satisfaction among 330 Swiss eighth graders. A multivariate measure of career adaptability consisting of career choice readiness, planning, exploration, and confidence was applied. Based on Motivational Systems Theory four groups of predictors were assessed: positive emotional disposition, goal decidedness, capability beliefs and social context beliefs. Influence of gender, age, immigration background, parental educational level, and college-bound or vocational education plans were also assessed. Perceived social support and positive emotional disposition, non-immigration background, and continuing to vocational education were single significant predictors of more career adaptability development over the school year. Supporting the connection of career adaptability and positive youth development, increase in career adaptability over time predicted increase in sense of power and experience of life satisfaction.     

拼音输入法经验对汉字字形和语音加工的影响

随着电脑的广泛应用, 电脑打字已经成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。对于汉语使用者而言, 电脑打字完全不同于传统的书写方式, 构成了一种全新的语言使用经验。这种新的经验是否影响汉字加工值得探讨。通过两个实验分别考察了电脑打字对汉字语音和字形加工的影响。实验一的结果表明, 拼音输入法经验对声母和韵母的加工都有促进作用; 实验二的结果表明, 拼音输入法经验对成字部件和非成字部件的加工也有促进作用, 而且对成字部件搜索的促进作用显著大于非成字部件。     

Belief in common fate and psychological well‐being among Chinese immigrant women

Three studies were conducted to develop and test a construct of Chinese marital commitment in the context of immigration. ‘Belief in common fate’ refers to an unfailing devotion to a Confucian ideal of the marital union as hierarchical without regard for external contingencies or individual needs. Women who did not believe in common fate reported a more positive affect. When women reported the occurrence of a severe life stressor, a strong belief in common fate was associated with psychological distress and negative affect. We discuss the importance of considering contextual factors, such as migration and life adversity, in interpreting the significance of cultural belief systems.     

言语产生的同音词表征：模型争论与再思

言语产生和言语理解都涉及同音词在通达过程的表征。言语产生研究中,Levelt和Caramazza分别从通达的两阶段分离激活和独立网络模型推出了同音词的分享和独立表征模型,并用语言实验的频率效应和病人的语音治疗效应给予检验。本文评述了研究的新进展,探讨了同音词表征模型的分歧,认为同音词词汇表征与语言差异、加工范式、知觉通道等有关。从言语理解（言语知觉和词汇再认）的研究表明,这两种表征模型可能难以概括同音词尤其是汉语同音词的表征。本文根据言语理解研究的新近发现建议了一些可能的表征模型。     

汉语的认知神经心理学研究

认知神经心理学为探讨语言的心理机制开辟了一条新途径,使得人们对心理词典的认识日渐深入。该文着重介绍了汉语方面的认知神经心理学研究成果,其中包括语义系统、语音输出词典、语音输出buffer的信息表征方式,以及汉字的书写机制与阅读机制     

小学五年级学生汉语阅读知觉广度的眼动研究

采用"呈现随眼动变化技术"对小学五年级学生的阅读知觉广度进行了眼动研究.结果发现,(1)小学五年级学生的阅读知觉广度具有不对称性.(2)小学五年级学生的阅读知觉广度为注视点左侧一个汉字到注视点右侧两个或三个汉字的空间.     

中国文化心理学的方法论启示

中国传统文化蕴涵着丰富的心理学思想。中国文化心理学的核心价值在于能够提供独特并具有普遍意义的方法论。该文从关于对象的理解、整体性思维、概念界定、证明方法和学科目标等几个方面指出了中国文化心理学的方法论启示。     

Violence Exposure and PTSD: The Role of English Language Fluency in Latino Youth

Although Latinos have been a rapidly growing population in the US, little is known about how mental health symptoms may present in Latino children especially in the context of those living in poverty and exposed to violence. We explored the level of violence exposure and trauma symptoms in Latino youth and the relationship of these factors with English language fluency. During 2000–2002, 1,601, Latino students from seven middle schools participated in a school-based screening to identify students with exposure to community violence and symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The students completed a self-report instrument, in either Spanish or English, that combined a modified version of the Life Events Scale and the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS). Bivariate analyses and multivariate regression models showed that youth with higher English language fluency reported greater violence exposure and PTSD symptoms than those with lower fluency. No difference was found in functioning by English language fluency. English language fluency appears to be related to violence exposure and PTSD symptoms in these Latino youth. We discuss the importance of school-based programs especially designed to serve Latino students of varying English language fluency.