大学生幽默风格与精神健康关系的初步研究

目的:测试幽默风格量表在中国大学生中的信度和效度,探讨幽默风格与精神健康之间的关系。方法:354名大学生接受幽默风格量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)的问卷调查,4周后74名大学生重新填写幽默风格量表。结果:幽默风格量表所提出的4个因子结构在中国人的样本中也存在,该量表的信度和效度可接受。中国被试在4个子量表的得分均低于加拿大被试的得分。亲和型幽默、自强型幽默得分与症状自评量表的子量表以及总体症状指数得分全部呈现负相关,而嘲讽型幽默和自贬型幽默得分与症状自评量表的子量表以及总体症状指数得分全部呈现正相关。结论:(1)该量表的初步测试效度和信度可接受,但须结合中国文化作进一步的修订;(2)亲和型和自强型幽默有益于精神健康,但嘲讽型和自贬型幽默有害于精神健康;(3)中国人与加拿大人在幽默风格、幽默对精神健康起作用的方式上存在一定的文化差异。     

小学生人格类型及发展特点研究

该文在以往中国儿童人格结构研究基础上,以问卷调查(N=1316)方式,将层次聚类和迭代聚类两种方法结合起来,同时采用理论分析等方法最终确定我国小学生的人格类型包括认可型、矛盾型、拒绝型及中间型四类。其中认可型属积极人格类型,矛盾型和拒绝型属消极人格类型。研究表明,认可型女孩的人数比重明显高于男孩,而拒绝型男孩的人数比重明显高于女孩。此外,矛盾型女孩的人数比重较明显地高于男孩。     

中国组织情境下的组织公民行为

该文针对中国组织情境下组织公民行为（organizationalcitizenshipbehavior,OCB）的研究进行了综述,作者首先分析了中国OCB的内涵结构,归纳得出中国组织情境下OCB存在着角色泛化、强调人际关系和个人积极主动性的特点,接着对OCB前因与后果变量有关的研究进行了分析,从个体层面和群体组织层面指出了中西方研究中的异同点,最后对中国OCB的研究范围和研究重点给出了建议     

中国人的人格与心理健康

系统总结了中国人人格与心理健康之间关系的研究。首先,对心理健康的含义进行了理论分析,提出了心理健康由心身症状的缺失、行为抑制的降低、自我和谐水平的提高以及主观幸福感的提升等4个不同的水平构成,并对人格与心理健康的4个水平之间的关系进行了综述,特别分析了人格与心理健康的结构方程模型,以及不同人格维度对心理健康的促进、抑制、及促进-抑制作用。文中还提出了建立中国人的人格耐受性模型的设想,并对将来研究的方向进行了讨论     

学习、频率和结构方式对汉字知觉干扰效应的影响

知觉干扰存效应是指之前更模糊的刺激的呈现对之后同一模糊刺激的识别的抑制。实验-考察了学习和频率、实验二考察了学习和结构方式对汉字知觉干扰存效应的影响。结果发现：1．汉字与图片一样,不存在材料有限现象,在学习和不学习条件下,汉字识别中均存在知觉干扰效应;2．学习以及频率和结构方式对汉字知觉干扰效应的影响也不显著;3．频率、学习和结构方式对汉字识别的影响显著。这些结果似乎表明当激活超过一定的水平时,和汉字激活水平有关的因素对知觉干扰效应不再起作用。失匹配假说可更好的解释激活水平的作用以及材料有限现象。     

信息哲学与未来中国科技哲学的基础

The research programme of the philosophy of information (PI) proposed in 2002 made it an independent area or discipline in philosophical research. The scientific concept of ‘information’ is formally accepted in philosophical inquiry. Hence a new and tool-driven philosophical discipline of PI with its interdisciplinary nature has been established. Philosophy of information is an ‘orientative’ rather than ‘cognitive’ philosophy. When PI is under consideration in the history of Western philosophy, it can be regarded as a shift of large tradition. There are three large traditions at large, known as Platonic, Kantian and Leibniz-Russellian. In the discussion of the position of the possible worlds, we have modal Platonism and modal realism, but both of the theories are made in the framework of Western philosophy. In this essay, it is argued that possible worlds could be seen as worlds in information, which is then an interpretation of modal information theory (MIT). Our interpretation is made on the basis of Leibniz’s lifelong connection with China, a fact often overlooked by the Western philosophers. Possible world theory was influenced by the Neo-Confucianism flourishing since the Song Dynasty of China, the foundation of which is Yijing. It could be argued that Leibniz’s possible world theory was formulated in respect to the impact of the thoughts reflected in Yijing, in that one of the prominent features is the model-theoretic construction of theories. There are two approaches to theory construction, i.e., axiom-theoretic and model-theoretic. The origin of the former is from ancient Greece and the latter from ancient China. And they determined the different features of theoretic structures between the oriental and occidental traditions of science and technology. The tendency of the future development of science and technology is changing from the axiom-theoretic to the model-theoretic orientation, at least the two approaches being complementary each other. To some extent, this means the retrospective of tradition in the turning point of history, and some of the China’s cultural traditions might become the starting points in formulating the future Chinese philosophy of science and technology.     

德性儒学的成就、困境与走向

Beginning with the promotion of morality in Confucianism, a Neo-Confucian movement in modern Chinese philosophy was initiated, in which Confucianism underwent a transition from tradition to modernity. However, Moral Confucianism did not successfully develop the “new kingliness without” from its “sageliness within,” respond to modernization marked by science and democracy, and provide moral impetus for the development of a modern Chinese society or appeal to many beyond the small circle of “elite Confucianists.” The fundamental reason is that it was caught in a web of moral idealism, overemphasizing what ought to be without confronting what actually was. Translated by Huang Deyuan from Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Xuebao 中国人民大学学报 (Journal of Renmin University of China), 2006, (1): 9–15     

论"回到马克思"现象

From the point of view of the development of Chinese Marxist philosophy, this paper comprehensively analyzes the current phenomenon of “Return to Marx” by pointing out: (1) the phenomenon of “Return to Marx” meets the need to reconstruct ideology during the time of social change in China and it is a theoretical manifestation of the shift from planned economy to market economy in China; (2) the phenomenon of “Return to Marx” embodies the academic path of the past ten years of Chinese Marxist philosophy; (3) the phenomenon of “Return to Marx” places too much emphasis on logic while too little emphasis on history. This understanding, the epistemological root of “Return to Marx”, has caused the negative effect and is also worth our attention and further study. Translated by Zhao Bi from Xuexi Yu Tansuo 学习与探索 (Study & Exploration), 2004, (5): 1–5     

幼儿期汉语语音意识和英语语音意识的发展

本研究选取3~5岁儿童为被试,从语音单位和操作水平两个维度研究幼儿期汉语语音意识和英语语音意识的发展。在汉语语音意识的发展上,音节意识先于押韵、首音和声调意识而发展起来,3岁儿童已经具备了一定的音节意识,并在3岁到4岁之间迅速发展。在英语语音意识的发展上,幼儿期的音节意识和末位音位意识先于押韵与首音意识而发展起来,从3到5岁表现出清晰的发展次序。首音意识在幼儿期没有发展。从任务的操作水平看,无论是汉语还是英语语音意识,幼儿在辨别任务上的成绩显著低于分析和综合任务。     

《围城》对话元指代类例

在元语言的启发下提出一种新的指代即元指代,并讨论其与篇章指示、语篇指称的异同。利用《围城》语料,对汉语元指代现象进行初步分类,并指出其在语篇语言学、文艺理论和汉语语篇的机器理解等领域里的学术和应用价值。