吸烟者感知吸烟社会规范与社交性吸烟行为的关系：身份认同和关系观的作用

考察吸烟者身份认同和关系观在感知吸烟社会规范与社交性吸烟行为关系中的作用。对1016名吸烟者进行问卷调查,结果表明：（1）感知吸烟社会规范显著正向预测社交性吸烟;（2）身份认同对感知吸烟社会规范和社交性吸烟关系起部分中介作用;（3）关系观正向调节感知吸烟社会规范和社交性吸烟的关系,而对感知吸烟社会规范和身份认同关系的调节不显著。研究支持了感知吸烟社会规范影响社交性吸烟的身份认同机制和文化价值观调节机制。     

The Chinese Understanding of Wittgenstein’s Mysticism in the Tractatus

Wittgenstein’s mysticism has been one of the focuses of critics and commentators of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Two prevailing readings hold different attitudes towards it. The classical reading commits to the mysticism in the Tractatus, while the therapeutic reading rejects it amid its interpretation of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy. In this paper, I will argue against both by discussing how the Chinese reading understands the Tractatus. I will show that the ineffable in the Tractatus is not any type of mysticism, and that the Chinese reading of the Tractatus is a metaphysical one without any mysticism.     

词素语义在三、五年级儿童汉语词汇识别中的作用

采用启动范式,利用词素语义透明度效应,在汉语词汇识别过程中探讨了三、五年级儿童对词素语义的加工。实验采用3×2×2混合因素设计,变量分别为年级（三年级vs.五年级vs.成人）、启动词类型(词形相关vs.词形无关)和目标词类型(透明词vs.不透明词)。结果发现启动词类型和目标词类型交互作用显著,当词形相关时,被试对透明词判断的正确率更高;当词形无关时,被试对不透明词判断的正确率更高,反应时更快。此外,未发现启动词类型、目标词类型和年级两者或三者的交互作用。结果说明三、五年级儿童在汉语词汇阅读过程中,词素语义可以被激活并影响到当前词汇的加工,词形相似性会对这种词素语义透明度效应产生影响。此外,词素语义透明度效应在三、五年级以及成人间保持稳定。     

NR3C1基因Bcl1多态性与青少年抑郁：压力性生活事件的调节作用

迄今,有关抑郁的基因×环境交互研究多数基于“单胺缺陷假说”,相对较少有研究以“HPA轴假说”为框架考察抑郁的遗传机制,且忽视了基因-环境相关的影响。本研究对1081名青少年进行追踪研究,考察NR3C1基因Bcl1多态性与压力性生活事件对抑郁的影响。结果发现,经历较多压力性事件时,C等位基因携带者的抑郁水平显著高于GG纯合子携带者;经历较少压力性事件时,不同基因型携带者的抑郁水平无差异。此外,通过区分独立性压力性事件和预测早期抑郁进一步排除了基因-环境相关的影响,在一定程度上验证了结果的可靠性。     

父母婚姻冲突对青少年抑郁情绪的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

采用整群抽样法选取宁波市四所中学初一至初三共537名学生为被试,以问卷调查法考察父母婚姻冲突与青少年抑郁情绪的关系,同时探讨心理韧性的中介作用,以及该作用是否受到社会支持的调节。结果发现：（1）心理韧性在父母婚姻冲突与青少年抑郁情绪之间起部分中介作用;（2）社会支持调节了父母婚姻冲突通过心理韧性影响青少年抑郁情绪中介过程的前半路径和后半路径。研究结果揭示了父母婚姻冲突影响青少年抑郁情绪的内部机制,对增强青少年心理韧性的强度以及减少抑郁等情绪问题具有重要的理论与实践价值。     

青少年幸福感对学业发展的影响:学校投入的中介效应

当前青少年幸福感的研究普遍采用与成人相同的理论模型,忽略了幸福感的发展性特征。本研究将“未来”作为时间维度纳入青少年幸福感模型,以积极情绪的扩展建构理论为基础,考察指向当下和指向未来的幸福感对青少年学业发展的影响。研究选取283名初中生进行问卷调查,在T₁、T₂和T₃时间点分别测量被试的幸福感、学校投入和学业成就。通过5个月的追踪发现:(1)当同时考虑指向当下和未来的幸福感对学校投入的影响时,只有指向未来的幸福感能够显著预测其学校投入;(2)指向未来的幸福感通过学校投入影响学业成就,学校投入在指向未来的幸福感和学业成就间发挥完全中介作用。     

中国人善良人格的结构研究

善良人格是一个具有中国文化特色的人格心理学主题。为了探究善良人格的结构和内涵,研究基于人格词汇学假设,通过开放式和半开放式问卷调查,经由意义分善良; 善良人格; 人格结构; 中国人析和初测保留了85个善良人格词汇; 在此基础上,进行探索性和验证性因素分析,揭示了中国人的善良人格是一个包括诚信友善、利他奉献、宽容和善、重情重义的二阶四因子结构。信度和效度分析表明,编制的善良人格问卷的信、效度良好,符合心理测量学的基本要求。     

用行动纪念潘菽先生逝世三十周年

潘菽逝世已有30周年,中国心理学界缅怀他的最好方式之一是,弘扬他的三个心理学思想精义,将之体现在行动中,促进中国心理学又好又快地向前发展:坚持潘菽“心理学是中间科学”的主张,使中国心理学研究的视角、方法与主题更加多元化; 秉承潘菽重视研究中国古代心理学思想的遗志,提高研究成果的原创性水平; 落实潘菽关于中国心理学“要走我们自己的道路,有自己的特点”的倡议,努力建设中国特色心理学体系,使中国心理学不仅在形式上,而且在内容体系和灵魂上都真正获得独立。     

Prevalence of internet gaming disorder in adolescents: A meta‐analysis across three decades

The inclusion of “Internet gaming disorder (IGD )” in the fifth edition of Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM ‐5) creates a possible line of research. Despite the fact that adolescents are vulnerable to IGD , studies had reported wide array of prevalence estimates in this population. The aim of this paper is to review the published studies on prevalence of IGD among adolescents. Relevant studies prior to March 2017 were identified through databases. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of IGD among adolescents was 4.6% (95% CI = 3.4%–6.0%). Male adolescents generally reported higher prevalence rate (6.8%, 95% CI = 4.3%–9.7%) than female adolescents (1.3%, 95% CI = 0.6%–2.2%). Subgroup analyses revealed that prevalence estimates were highest when studies were conducted in: (i) 1990s; (ii) use DSM criteria for pathological gambling; (iii) examine gaming disorder; (iv) Asia; and (v) small samples (<1,000). This study confirms the alarming prevalence of IGD among adolescents, especially among males. Given the methodological deficits in past decades (such as reliance on DSM criteria for “pathological gambling,” inclusion of the word “Internet,” and small sample sizes), it is critical for researchers to apply a common methodology for assess this disorder.     

Association between quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and parents’ illness perception as evaluated by adolescents

Children and adolescents account for half of all cases of type 1 diabetes, which is one of the most common pediatric chronic diseases. The disease’s effects and the treatment/disease-management protocols patients must follow can lead to a marked deterioration in quality of life, especially for adolescents. Patients’ illness perceptions have been shown to impact their quality of life, but do other people’s illness perceptions also have an effect? The present study addressed this question by investigating possible links between the quality of life of adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes and illness perceptions, measured in terms of the adolescents’ self-perceptions, parents’ self-perceptions, and the adolescents’ evaluations of their parents’ perceptions. We asked 41 adolescents (M = 13.9 years; SD = 1.9) who had been undergoing treatment for type 1 diabetes for at least a year (M = 6.6 years; SD = 3.7) to complete the Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth Questionnaire-Short Form (DQOLY-SF) and the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R). They completed the IPQ-R twice, once to state their own opinions (self-report) and once to give their evaluations of their parents’ perceptions. At the same time, but in a different room, their parents (N = 47) completed the IPQ-R (self-report). Quality of life was predicted by gender (p < .05) and by the parents’ emotional representations (p < .01) and perceptions of consequences (p < .01) as evaluated by the adolescents. This new approach provides new insights into the impact of parents’ perceptions on the quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.