成人依恋的测量：亲密关系经历量表（ECR）中文版

为了促进在中国开展有关成人依恋的研究,对目前国外该领域中广泛采用的“标准”成人依恋量表——“亲密关系经历量表（ECR）”——进行了中文版修订。371名中国大学生接受了测试,并用自尊量表,他人观量表等作为检验效度的依据。其中59人在四周后进行了重测。对其中的231名正处于恋爱中的被试的结果进行了统计分析,包括采用项目反应理论进行项目分析、信效度检验。结果表明,该量表的中文版具有较好的信度（内部一致性、和重测信度）以及效度（构想效度和效标效度）     

汉语主、宾关系从句加工难度及其核心名词生命性效应

采用眼动追踪实验技术,考查了核心名词生命性取向对汉语主、宾关系从句加工难度调节效应。结果显示:(1)核心名词生命性格局对汉语主、宾关系从句的加工难度有着显著调节作用,具体表现为:当主、从句中的核心名词为"生命性-非生命性"格局时,在主句核心名词、核心动词位置,宾语关系从句加工较为容易;当主、从句中的核心名词为"非生命性-生命性"格局时,在上述位置,两种关系从句加工难度差异不显著;(2)汉语主、宾关系从句加工中核心名词生命性效应主要发生在语义信息提取、论元关系建构阶段,体现出汉语语言的特异性。上述结果支持了题元切适性理论。     

服务行业员工的人格特质、情绪劳动策略与心理健康的关系

研究采用问卷法, 抽取服务行业员工样本357份, 探讨人格特质(QZPS)、情绪劳动策略对心理健康的作用机制。结果显示：(1) 在QZPS中, 善良预测较少的表层动作, 较多的自动调节; 才干预测较多的深层加工; 行事风格预测较多自动调节; 情绪性预测较少的深层加工; 他人指向预测较少的表层调节, 较多的自动调节; 自我指向预测较多的深层调节; 事物指向预测较多的自动调节和深层加工, 较少的表层动作。(2) 表层劳动预测较差的心理健康, 深层劳动和自动调节预测较好的心理健康。(3) 表层动作在善良、他人指向与心理健康之间起显著中介作用, 深层加工在情绪性、才干、自我指向、事物指向与心理健康之间起显著中介作用。自动调节在善良、行事风格、事物指向与心理健康之间起显著的中介作用。(4) 外向性可直接作用于心理健康。研究显示, 外向性、善良、才干、行事风格、他人指向、自我指向、事物指向等QZPS特质高分者都比较容易适应服务行业, “情绪性”高分者从事服务行业工作将有较大的心理健康代价。另外, 从深层调节和自动调节角度开展心理健康培训、职业心理咨询及自我调节, 可增强员工对服务工作的适应性, 并促进心理健康。     

Do Chinese and English speakers think about time differently? Failure of replicating Boroditsky (2001)

English uses the horizontal spatial metaphors to express time (e.g., the good days ahead of us). Chinese also uses the vertical metaphors (e.g., 'the month above' to mean last month). Do Chinese speakers, then, think about time in a different way than English speakers? Boroditsky [Boroditsky, L. (2001). Does language shape thought? Mandarin and English speakers' conceptions of time. Cognitive Psychology, 43(1), 1-22] claimed that they do, and went on to conclude that 'language is a powerful tool in shaping habitual thought about abstract domains' (such as time). By estimating the frequency of usage, we found that Chinese speakers actually use the horizontal spatial metaphors more often than the vertical metaphors. This offered no logical ground for Boroditsky's claim. We were also unable to replicate her experiments in four different attempts. We conclude that Chinese speakers do not think about time in a different way than English speakers just because Chinese also uses the vertical spatial metaphors to express time.     

Family Influences on Adolescent Delinquent Behaviors: Applying the Social Development Model to A Chinese Sample

The current study applied the Social Development Model (SDM) to improve understanding of the mediation processes through which the family environment was related to Chinese adolescent delinquent behavior. We tested the hypothesized model using structural equation modeling with questionnaire data collected from 736 Chinese 7th and 9th graders, their parents, and their teachers from two middle schools in Beijing, China. Testing the model separately for boys and girls yielded adequate fit indices for both although the hypothesized model was not invariant across gender and several gender differences were identified. The SDM appeared to be a valuable tool in studying the development of Chinese adolescent delinquency.     

In search of subtypes of Chinese developmental dyslexia

The dual-route model offers a popular way to classify developmental dyslexia into phonological and surface subtypes. The current study examined whether this dual-route model could provide a framework for understanding the varieties of Chinese developmental dyslexia. Three groups of Chinese children (dyslexics, chronological-age controls, and reading-level controls) were tested on Chinese exception character reading, pseudocharacter reading (analogous to English nonword reading), novel word learning, and some phonological and orthographic skills. It was found that Chinese exception character reading and pseudocharacter reading were highly correlated and that orthographic skills was a better predictor of both Chinese exception character and pseudocharacter reading than was phonological skills. More than half (62%) of the children in the dyslexia sample were classified as belonging to the surface subtype, but no children were classified as belonging to the phonological subtype. These results suggested that the lexical and sublexical routes in Chinese are highly interdependent or that there may be only one route from print to speech as suggested by the connectionist models. Chinese dyslexic children generally are characterized as having delays in various phonological and orthographic skills, but some, such as those identified as surface dyslexics in the current study, are more severely impaired.     

汉语儿童英语口语词汇与阅读学习的关系

以120名四、五年级小学儿童为被试,探讨汉语儿童英语口语词汇与阅读学习的关系,并检验了英语语音意识在其中的中介作用。结果表明:(1)汉语儿童的英语口语词汇与阅读学习之间存在密切关系。控制一般认知能力和母语口语词汇的影响后,英语口语词汇对阅读学习仍具有显著的预测作用。其中,英语口语词汇产生对于英语单词认读的预测作用更重要,英语口语词汇理解则对英语单词理解的预测作用更重要。(2)英语口语词汇产生既可以直接作用于英语单词认读、理解和假词拼读,也部分通过英语语音意识的中介间接作用于英语阅读;英语口语词汇理解对英语单词理解也具有直接作用,并部分地通过英语语音意识的中介发挥间接作用     

“华人工作相关人格量表”的编制、意义与效度

该文介绍了“华人工作相关人格量表”及其意义、结构、效度的一系列研究。ＣＰＷ选取与人工作相关人格特点有关的题目,在传统人格维度的基础上,增加了服务了取向（ＣＳＯ）和管理才能（ＯＭＲ）这两个针对工作民表境的人格维度。信度分析表明了１５个量表都具可接受内部一致性信度,１５个ＣＰＷ量表分数与一个形容词检测表的相关分析结果支持了ＣＰＷ的内容效度,ＣＰＷ的相关矩阵和因素结构初步确证了ＣＰＷ的结构效度,进一步的     

中国化:我国心理学的挑战与机遇

现代主流心理学的源头主要是西方传统文化背景下的近代科学 ,其学科危机亦主要是由于盲目借鉴西方近代科学的人性观以及方法论所致。我国心理学要想摆脱这样的困境 ,就必须加强文化分析的方法 ,从中国传统文化中吸取有价值的思想 ,开辟一条新的发展道路 ,即心理学的中国化之路。这样 ,我国的心理学便能在东西方两大文化的浇灌下健康发展     

变形汉字的结构方式和笔画数效应

曾捷英等提出并采用了汉字通透性概念解释汉字识别中的字形属性效应,例如笔画数效应、笔画类型效应和结构方式效应。在有关研究中采用的主要实验方法是在速示、重复速示、非速示、时间或空间微观发生等条件下要求被试命名汉字。该研究将采用新的实验方法,即在呈现变形汉字1200ms后要求被试报告识别内容。结构方式和笔画数两种字形属性为研究对象。实验结果表明存在着常规的结构方式效应和笔画数效应,尤为重要的是观察到了逆转的结构方式效应。客观计算出的汉字通透性可以合理地解释这些效应。该研究和先前研究部分证明了关于汉字字形知觉的一个重要假设：汉字通透性是形成各种字形属性效应的基本或主导原因。字形属性对汉字识别的影响可以归结为通透性的影响,这称之为通透性中介假设。