汉语假设条件复句的心理表征项目互换效应研究

本文采用句子一图画验证任务(sentence-picture verification task)探讨了汉语假设条件复句的心理表征项目互换效应。结果表明,汉语假设条件复句的项目表达顺序为“结果一假设条件”时,所形成的心理表征中项目发生互换,其结果为“假设条件→结果”。本研究结果初步表明。读者理解汉语假设条件复句是一个按照“假设条件→结果”固定方向进行系列加工的认知过程。     

过去十年中学生SCL-90调查结果的元分析

选取31篇有关中学生心理问题的研究报告,这些报告都用了90项症状自评量表（简称SCL-90）。用元分析方法对报告的数据进行了重新处理和分析。结果发现（1）平均效果量在-0．44到-0．15之间,即是以中学生常模为标准,以往的研究结果显示中学生心理并非不健康。（2）报告质量效应和出版年代效应显著,分别能解释效果量变异的26．6％和19．7％。显示原始报告的出版年代、发表刊物的等级等特征对其报告的SCL-90得分有系统影响。（3）出版年代效应显著显示以往研究报告SCL-90得分可能有随年代的推进而上升的趋势,但上升的原因尚不清楚。     

汉语字词识别中词频和语义透明度的交互作用

该研究通过词汇判断作业考察了中文双字合成词的心理表征问题。目标刺激为高频透明、高频不透明、低频透明、低频不透明词各12个和48个假词,被试任务为即既又准的判断目标刺激是否是一个词。结果发现,高频词的词汇判断速度快于低频词,透明词的词汇判断速度快于不透明词,词频和语义透明度有显著的交互作用。透明度对低频词的识别所起的作用大于对高频词的识别所起的作用。     

Chinese values in Singapore: Traditional and modern

A series of three studies was conducted to test the internal structure of the Chinese value hierarchy (CVH) in Singapore. Study 1 identified the empirically best–fit model with six factors: Prudence, Industry, Civic–Harmony, Moral Development, Social Power and Moderation. Relative magnitudes and interfactor correlations suggested that these factors could be further grouped into two superordinate clusters: (i) The Modern factor, with significantly higher magnitude, consisted of Prudence, Industry, Civic–Harmony and Moral Development; and (ii) the Tradition factor, with lower magnitude, consisted of Social Power and Moderation. Study 2 surveyed university students with differential preference for language usages: English or Chinese. Both language groups were equally high on the Modern factor, but the Chinese–language–preferred group showed a significantly higher endorsement for the Tradition factor, Chinese Worldview (CWV) and Chinese Health Beliefs (CHB). Further convergent validation for the Modern and the Tradition factors was provided by investigating their correlations with traditional Chinese beliefs and practices for the two language groups separately. Study 3 tested generation differences in CVH. University participants (Self) were compared with their parents (Parents) and friends (Friends). There were no differences between Self and Friends on both the Modern and Tradition factors, CWV and individual differences of modernity. Parents and Self did not differ on individual differences of modernity. Parents, however, were higher on the Modern factor, the Tradition factor and CWV. Results were discussed to support the concept of 'multiple modernity' (Tu, 1900) in Asian societies, and the 'revised convergence hypothesis' proposed by Yang (1988).     

图画与中、英文词识别加工的眼动研究

以图画、中文词和英文词的一系列变式为实验材料,使用眼动技术采集被试在观察上述材料时的眼动参数。实验结果显示：人眼对图画、中文词和英文词三种材料识别加工的眼动模式不同。在注视时间方面,图画的注视时间最短,英文词的注视时间最长,中文词的注视时间居中;在眼跳距离方面,图画的眼跳距离最大,英文的眼跳距离次之,中文的眼跳距离最小。在反应时方面,人眼对图画的反应时最短,英文词最长,中文词居中。     

汉字的特性负启动效应与年龄发展的关系

选用汉字材料,考察86名小学生、初中生、大学生和老年人被试特性负启动效应的产生情况.结果表明,特性抑制有一个从上升到衰退的过程;汉字同英文字母等材料一样可以发生显著的特性负启动效应;负启动效应是内隐的、不受意识控制的;特性负启动实验过程中的错误反应支持了注意的晚期选择模型.     

How Do Chinese Public Service Professional Trainees Attribute Responsibility to Victims and Perpetrators of Violence Against Women?

Two-hundred-and-twenty-five Chinese human service professional trainees (80 police trainees, 45 medical students, and 100 nursing students) participated in a study on responsibility attribution to violence against women (VAW). Results showed that compared to medical students and police trainees, nursing students had broader definitions of VAW, endorsed more liberal attitudes toward women, and perceived VAW as more prevalent and having more negative effects on the victims and society. Compared to police trainees, medical and nursing students assigned greater responsibility to VAW perpetrators. However, there was no group difference in the attribution of responsibility to VAW victims. Among the predictor variables for a low level of responsibility attribution to the victims, liberal attitude toward women was the only significant predictor. For a low level of responsibility attribution to the perpetrators, the most salient predictors were being police trainees and perceiving VAW as having little negative effects on the victims. Limitations and implications of the study will also be discussed.     

Gating技术与汉语听觉词汇加工

尝试对Gating技术的实施和运用,对数据进行探索性分析。被试为47名北京师范大学本科学生。实验中被试听到依次加长的单字词语音片段,每听完一个语音片段要尽快判断该语音是什么字音,并迅速写出想到的第一个符合该读音的汉字,同时在七点量表上评定作出判断的确定性等级。结果显示,Gating技术作为探讨汉语听觉词汇加工的一条途径可以提供丰富的信息,它不仅能得到词汇的语音识别点(Isolation Point,IP),也揭示出它与声调存在一定关系。对错误反应的分析还表明：声调信息可以独立于音段信息而被识别;即时影响声调识别的因素不一定局限于区别性特征;听觉词汇识别受到听觉语言特有的方向性特点的影响,这种影响不仅体现在音段信息、也体现在超音段信息的识别中。     

基于时间分割的手写输入系统的用户绩效模型

为定量估计与提高基于时间分割的手写输入系统用户绩效 ,推导了用户绩效的静态与动态模型。实验一检验与修正了这两个模型 ,并获得整合模型。实验二证明该整合模型能对不同训练水平用户的绩效有较高的解释率。应用该整合模型发现 :当识别正确率RA、输入字数N为定值时 ,修改时间T、单字手写时间WT、分割时间ST、识别时间R这四个因素对任务完成时间D的影响大小次序为WT =ST =R >T ;当这四个因素为定值时 ,RA每提高 1% ,D至少节省 10 0 0ms。     

《周易》对中国古代数学的影响

分析中国古代数学史上重要的数学著作可以看出,《周易》往往被古代数学家们视作数学发展最早的源头,而且在一些重要的数学著作中,数学家们运用《周易》中的有关概念表述数学问题,对《周易》中的数学问题及其相关问题进行深入的研究,取得了重要的数学成就。这一切足以表明《周易》对于古代数学发展具有非常重要的影响。