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931.
Karriker-Jaffe KJ Foshee VA Ennett ST Suchindran C 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(8):1227-1236
To describe trajectories of aggressive behaviors for adolescents living in rural areas, we compared the patterns, timing and
sex differences in development of physical and social aggression using five waves of data collected from youth in school surveys
administered over 2.5 years. The sample (N = 5,151) was 50.0% female, 52.1% Caucasian and 38.2% African-American. Multilevel growth curve models showed that physical
and social aggression followed curvilinear trajectories from ages 11 to 18, with increases in each type of aggression followed
by subsequent declines. Physical aggression peaked around age 15; social aggression peaked around age 14. Boys consistently
perpetrated more physical aggression than girls, but the trajectories were parallel. There were no sex differences in the
perpetration of social aggression. Given the characteristics of the developmental trajectories observed, interventions with
both boys and girls targeting physically and socially aggressive behaviors are needed in early adolescence to slow the development
of aggression. 相似文献
932.
Post-Traumatic Reactions in Adolescents: How Well Do the DSM-IV PTSD Criteria Fit the Real Life Experience of Trauma Exposed Youth? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined the structure and symptom specific patterns of post traumatic distress in a sample of 1,581 adolescents who reported exposure to at least one traumatic event. Symptom reporting patterns are consistent with past literature in that females reported more symptoms than males and older youth reported more symptoms than did their younger peers. Young people reporting exposure to exclusively violent type traumas were also found to be more likely to endorse symptoms than peers exposed exclusively to non violent type traumas. Confirmatory factor analysis provided stronger support for a four-factor model of PTSD than either the DSM-IV model or an alternate model. Further examination of the four factor model revealed gender differences in factor loadings with small to moderate effect sizes for recurrent, distressing memories, flashbacks, restricted affect, difficulty remember details, detachment, limited future orientation, hypervigilance and startle symptoms. Differences in factor loadings with the four factor model were also noted between younger and older adolescents, with medium to large effect sizes on the arousal items. In contract, comparison of the factor loadings revealed only small differences between youth exposed exclusively to violent traumatic stressors and those exposed exclusively to non violent traumatic stressors, suggesting relative similarity between these two groups. 相似文献
933.
农村中医药医疗现状与改革对策初探——湖南农村中医医疗调查分析与思考 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了解农村居民对中医药的认知和利用现状,分析农村中医药发展的制约因素,探讨适合农村实情的中医医疗发展道路,通过对家庭入户进行相关问卷调查,收集农村居民对中医医疗的认知及利用的相关资料,证明中医医疗在农村的信任度及利用水平随居民年龄增大而增加,农村中医医疗现状居民满意度仅为31%。 相似文献
934.
公众中医药素养是公众科学素养的重要组成部分,了解公众中医药素养具有重要意义。通过对吉林省公众中医药素养的调研,考察了吉林省公众对中医药理论体系特点和哲学基础的理解,对中医药概念和术语的理解,对中医药社会影响的认识和理解,得出吉林省公众中医药素养水平指数为2.76。 相似文献
935.
通过2个实验, 考察了语义类标记在中国手语词汇识别和语义提取中的作用。实验1采用手语词汇判断任务, 比较了有、无语义类标记的手语词汇识别。实验2采用语义决定任务, 探讨了语义类标记对手语词语义提取的影响。结果表明, 语义类标记影响聋生对手语词的识别和语义提取。聋生识别有语义类标记的手语词显著快于识别无语义类标记的手语词。当语义类标记与手语词的语义一致时, 能够促进聋生对手语词的语义提取; 当语义类标记与手语词的语义不一致, 会干扰聋生对手语词的语义提取。中国手语词语义类标记效应的发现, 丰富了中国手语词词汇认知的理论, 对聋人的语言教学和概念教学具有重要的启示。 相似文献
936.
937.
Kia K. Åsberg Jennifer J. Vogel Clint A. Bowers 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(4):486-499
Parenting stress has been linked to negative outcomes for both parents and children, including poor attachment, behavior problems,
less positive parent–child interactions, and marital dissatisfaction. Given that parents of special needs children often experience
excess stress, they may be susceptible to negative outcomes, thus investigations of protective factors are needed. We explored
relationships among parenting stress, social support, mode of communication, and child cochlear implant status in parents
rearing a deaf child or child with hearing loss. Findings of our exploratory study indicated that parents of children who
use sign language only reported more support, while parents of children who use total communication exhibited less self-reported
stress. Also, parents with children who use implants did not differ on any of the measures compared to parents of children
without implants. Additional findings suggested that higher levels of perceived social support corresponded with lower stress
among parents, however, receipt of supportive behaviors did not correlate significantly with parenting stress. In an overall
model, perceived social support and mode of communication were significant predictors of parenting stress. Finally, enacted
support predicted significantly life satisfaction in parents. Implications and limitations, as well as suggestions for future
research, will also be offered. 相似文献
938.
The Preschool Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale (PreBERS) is a standardized, norm-referenced instrument that assesses
the emotional and behavioral strengths of preschool children. Two studies that investigated the test–retest and inter-rater
reliability of the PreBERS are reported. In the first study, teachers rated preschool children (N = 96) on two occasions with 1 month between ratings. Reliability coefficients for the four subscales and total score of the
PreBERS were all at or above 0.86. In the second study teachers and paraprofessionals rated the same preschool children (N = 88). All of the correlations were over 0.72. In both studies the magnitude of correlations were large indicating that the
PreBERS is a stable measure across time and raters. Based on the data the PreBERS appears to be a psychometrically sound instrument
appropriate for use with preschool children. Recommendations for use with preschool children as well as future research are
discussed. 相似文献
939.
This study examined a group of participants who were fully remitted from a previous episode of major depressive disorder, and evaluated the role of cognitive and emotional reactivity to a mood challenge, and life stress in the prediction of relapse. Fifty-two participants were evaluated during remission, and their reactivity (i.e., change in dysfunctional attitudes and emotional state) to a depressed mood induction was evaluated. The cohort was followed up 12 months after the initial assessment. Thirty-five percent of the sample experienced a relapse during the follow-up period. Relapse was predicted by higher rates of life stress, and lower levels of emotional reactivity (specifically less reduction in happiness) to the mood induction during the initial assessment. Cognitive reactivity to the mood induction did not predict relapse, nor did the interaction between cognitive reactivity and life stress. These findings are discussed in terms of recent literature suggesting that depression is associated with insensitivity to emotion context, such that depressed individuals display blunted emotional responses to affective stimuli, including sadness-inducing stimuli. These findings suggest that insensitivity to emotional context may also be a characteristic of euthymic individuals at risk of relapse. 相似文献
940.
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of a combined methylphenidate/behavioural treatment (BT) versus methylphenidate-only for Chinese children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was tested in routine clinical practice in Hong Kong. METHODS: A randomized group comparison design was adopted with two treatment conditions (methylphenidate-only; methylphenidate/BT), which lasted for 6 months. There were four assessment time points (pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month and 12-month follow-ups), using the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviours (SWAN) Rating Scale. Parental attitude toward different treatment options of ADHD was also assessed at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Participants included 90 Chinese ADHD children (mean age=8 years, SD=.95). RESULTS: The combination of BT and a low-dose methylphenidate was significantly more effective than methylphenidate-only in reducing ADHD and ODD symptoms at post-treatment. At follow-ups, the benefits of the combined treatment were maintained, while the methylphenidate-only group caught up in improvement in ADHD symptoms. Parents in both treatment conditions showed improved attitude toward medication after the 6-month treatment phase, while their attitude toward BT was positive all along. CONCLUSIONS: This study supported the added benefits of BT, on top of medication, for Chinese ADHD children in routine practice with treatments conducted by regular medical and paramedical staffs. 相似文献