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111.
Child behavior problems have been identified as being responsible for the greatest reduction in quality of life for children between ages 1 and 19. In this study, we examine whether neighborhood social processes are associated with differences in child behavior problems in an economically and racially diverse sample of 405 urban-dwelling first grade children and whether parenting behavior mediates and/or moderates the effects of neighborhoods. Furthermore, we examine whether neighborhood social processes play the same role with regards to child behavior problems at differing levels of neighborhood economic impoverishment. Results of multivariate multilevel regression analyses indicate that a high negative social climate is associated with greater internalizing problems. High potential for community involvement for children in the neighborhood was associated with fewer behavior problems, but only in economically impoverished neighborhoods. Differences in parenting behavior did not appear to mediate neighborhood effects on behavior problems, and parenting characterized by a high degree of positive involvement was associated with fewer behavior problems in all types of neighborhoods. 相似文献
112.
The present study compared the number of severe life events and chronic adversities as reported retrospectively by mothers
of children with an anxiety disorder (n = 39) prior to the onset of their most recent episode, with controls (n = 39) matched for age and sex. The parent version of the Psychosocial Assessment of Childhood Experiences (PACE) was used
to assess chronic adversities (long-term experiences with negative impact on child) and severe life events (discrete life
events with high long-term threat). A significantly greater number of severe life events and chronic adversities were assessed
prior to onset for anxious children compared to controls. The finding for severe life events held regardless of whether impact
ratings were assigned by mothers or a panel of independent raters, suggesting the findings reflect actual as opposed to perceived
differences. Results suggest that both discrete and chronic stressors may constitute risk for future episodes of anxiety in
children.
相似文献
Jennifer L. AllenEmail: |
113.
Forbes EE Shaw DS Silk JS Feng X Cohn JF Fox NA Kovacs M 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(2):207-221
Although parents and children are thought to influence one another's affect and behavior, few studies have examined the direction of effects from children to parents, particularly with respect to parental psychopathology. We tested the hypothesis that children's affective characteristics are associated with the course of mothers' depressive symptoms. Children's affect expression was observed during a series of mother-child interaction tasks, and children's resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry was assessed in a psychophysiology laboratory. Mothers' depressive symptoms were assessed at two time points, approximately one year apart, at the mother-child interaction visits. Depressive symptoms increased over time for mothers with a history of childhood-onset depression whose children exhibited right frontal EEG asymmetry. Depressive symptoms were associated with high child negative affect at both time points for mothers whose children exhibited right frontal EEG asymmetry. Cross-lagged models with a subset of participants provided some evidence of both parent-to-child and child-to-parent directions of effects. Findings suggest that akin to other interpersonal stressors, children's affective characteristics may contribute to maternal depressive symptoms. 相似文献
114.
Scientific attention to cultural considerations in child neuropsychological assessment has not developed parallel to the focus these issues have received in adult and elderly neuropsychological assessment. There are limited data on the presence, magnitude, etiology, and implications of culture-related differences in cognitive test performance among children. This preliminary report reviews the available empirical literature on the current state of multicultural neuropsychological assessment in children. The review identified articles by searching PubMed and PsycINFO databases, and the tables of contents of Developmental Neuropsychology and Child Neuropsychology from 2003-2008. Of the 1,834 abstracts reviewed, ten papers met inclusion criteria for the review. Five studies were completed in America; four of these compared performance between ethnic groups while the fifth examined neighborhood level poverty indicators exclusively within African-American children. Of the five international studies, all established local normative data and/or were exploratory investigations of neuropsychological functions in specific cultural groups, including Taiwanese infants, South African youth, and bilingual British children. Taken together, the results yield important clinical and research data that begin to inform many of the complex and fascinating mechanisms by which ethnic identity and culture impact cognitive development and the neuropsychological assessment of children. A critique of the existing literature and directions for future research are provided. 相似文献
115.
Our study explores the clinical and non-clinical characteristics associated with medication use among children with serious
emotional disturbance who are referred into community-based family-driven system of care settings. Using data collected as
part of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program initiative, our study provides
results from analyses completed on 7,009 children and adolescents with serious emotional disturbance. Using both bivariate
and multivariate statistical analyses, the researchers found that females entering systems of care were less likely to have
received medication in the 6-months prior to entry, as were children of African-American and Native-American heritage compared
to children from non-Hispanic White heritage. Children referred from mental health, child welfare or who were self-referred
were more likely to use medications than those referred from juvenile justice. Children with histories of prior inpatient,
outpatient, day treatment, or school-based services were between 2 and 4 times more likely to use medications than children
without such histories. Children with family histories of mental illness and those who were Medicaid recipients were also
more likely to use medications. Family income was also positively related to medication use and younger children were more
likely to use medications than older children. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
116.
《Behavior Therapy》2022,53(1):11-22
Emotion regulation and interpersonal psychotherapies that do not require trauma memory processing have been shown to be effective in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study used a novel method to assess in vivo outcomes in a randomized clinical trial with women (N = 147; ages 18–54; 61% of color; 94% low income) with full (79%) or partial (21%) PTSD. Participants were assigned to affect regulation or interpersonal therapy, or wait-list, and completed daily self-reports for 2 to 4 weeks at baseline and up to 30 days at posttest. Mixed model regression analyses tested pre-post change on five factor analytically derived aggregated daily self-report scores. Emotion regulation-focused therapy was associated with reduced PTSD symptoms, dysregulation, and negative affect, and improvement in adaptive self-regulation and positive affect. Interpersonal-focused therapy was associated with reduced PTSD symptoms and dysregulation. Although both therapies were associated with reduced PTSD symptoms, whether this was due to nonspecific factors rather than the treatments per se could not be determined. Daily self-report data warrant further investigation in psychotherapy research with disorders such as PTSD, in order to assess affective and interpersonal dysregulation and adaptive regulation as they occur in daily life. 相似文献
117.
Predicting the Early Developmental Course of Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care were examined to test whether: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms remain stable from 54 months through early elementary school; behavioral inhibition and attention deficits assessed at 54 months predict ADHD symptoms in elementary school, even after controlling for their temporal stability; and early behavioral inhibition and attention deficits moderate the longitudinal stability in ADHD symptoms. Data were examined using continuous and categorical measures of symptoms. Modest stability in ADHD symptoms from 54 months to third grade was found. Measures of inhibition and inattention predicted later teacher ratings uniquely, but no evidence was found for moderation. Measures of preschool behavioral inhibition also predicted “persistently at risk status” defined by elevated teacher ratings over time. Results are discussed in terms of executive and motivational facets of inhibition that may be related to early signs of ADHD. 相似文献
118.
Quality child care supports the achievement of low-income children: Direct and indirect pathways through caregiving and the home environment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kathleen McCartney Eric Dearing Beck A. Taylor Kristen L. Bub 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2007,28(5-6):411
Existing studies of child care have not been able to determine whether higher quality child care protects children from the effects of poverty, whether poverty and lower quality child care operate as dual risk factors, or whether both are true. The objective of the current study was to test two pathways through which child care may serve as a naturally occurring intervention for low-income children: a direct pathway through child care quality to child outcomes, and an indirect pathway through improvements in the home environment. Children were observed in their homes and child care settings at 6, 15, 24, and 36 months. An interaction between family income-to-needs ratio and child care quality predicted School Readiness, Receptive Language, and Expressive Language, as well as improvements in the home environment. Children from low-income families profited from observed learning supports in the form of sensitive care and stimulation of cognitive development, and their parents profited from unobserved informal and formal parent supports. Policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
119.
Nicola A. Conners Shanti P. Tripathi Richard Clubb Robert H. Bradley 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(3):415-425
Few studies have examined maternal characteristics associated with heavy or inappropriate television viewing on the part of
their children. We investigated the relationship between children’s television viewing habits and maternal depressive symptoms
and parenting beliefs. The participants were 175 low income children (mean age = 62.1 months) and their mothers who participated
in a larger national study of Early Head Start eligible children. Our sample included families from two predominantly rural
sites. Mothers completed a survey about the amount of time their children spend watching television during the week and on
the weekend, and the types of programs they watch, as well as questionnaires related to maternal depression and parenting
attitudes. According to mothers’ report, most of the young children in our sample exceeded the total viewing time recommended
by the American Academy of Pediatrics (maximum 2 h per day), and the majority watched at least some programming designed for
adult audiences. Maternal depressive symptoms and beliefs about parenting were associated with heavier viewing on the part
of the child, as well as with viewing of age-inappropriate content. 相似文献
120.
We conducted an evaluation of Nobody’s Perfect Program involving 71 participants from Peterborough County, Canada. Prior to the program, parents completed demographic information,
along with self-report measures assessing the types of interactions with their children, parent resourcefulness, knowledge
and use of resources, parent competency and self-efficacy, which were completed again after the program and at a two month
follow-up testing. In comparison to parents not earning certificates, parents earning certificates were younger and more likely
to have completed previous parenting programs. As well, parents earning certificates demonstrated and maintained an increase
in parenting resourcefulness, warm/positive parent-child interactions, sense of parenting competency and satisfaction, and
use of community resources. The more sessions parents attended, the better their parenting resourcefulness and warm/positive
parent-child interactions on completion and at follow-up, and the less their angry and punitive parenting at follow-up. Parents
who had attended parenting programs before had higher parenting resourcefulness scores at entry. They left the program with
increased levels of parenting resourcefulness, better parent-child interactions, and more effective child management skills.
A number of recommendations are suggested to help facilitators of the program enhance service delivery and improve parental
outcomes. 相似文献