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171.
Abbe M. Garcia Jennifer B. Freeman Michael B. Himle Noah C. Berman Alexandra K. Ogata Janet Ng Molly L. Choate-Summers Henrietta Leonard 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(2):104-111
This paper describes the phenomenological features of early childhood onset obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD; defined as
children meeting DSM-IV criteria for OCD with age of onset <8 years). Fifty-eight children (ages 4–8) were included in the
sample. OCD and comorbid diagnoses were determined by structured interview, and OCD severity was measured using the Children’s
Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). Mean age of OCD onset was almost five, and mean age of presentation was between
6 and 7. Mean symptom severity was in the moderately severe range. Comorbidity and family history of OCD were common. Contamination
and aggressive/catastrophic obsessions and washing and checking compulsions were endorsed most frequently. Results indicate
that early childhood onset OCD may have a lower boy to girl ratio and lower rates of depressive disorders, but may be similar
to later childhood onset OCD in terms of OCD symptom presentation and severity. 相似文献
172.
Stacy L. Frazier Marc S. Atkins Laura Hess Olson Aaron R. Lyon 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):152-158
The present study proposed to understand how same-sex and other-sex peer nominations relate differently to teacher reports
of children’s behaviors and measures of children’s friendships. Students provided peer nominations, mutual friend data, and
social network data. Teachers rated students’ antisocial behavior and social competence. As expected, other-sex peer social
preference scores predicted teacher ratings of antisocial behavior, while same-sex peer social preference scores predicted
data on friendships and social groups. Unexpectedly, both same and other sex peer nominations predicted children’s teacher-rated
social competence. Findings suggest that other-sex peers offer a unique perspective on children’s social behavior that is
neither superfluous nor unimportant to understanding children’s psychosocial adjustment. 相似文献
173.
Brad J. Nakamura Chad Ebesutani Adam Bernstein Bruce F. Chorpita 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):178-189
The Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18 (CBCL/6-18) possesses newly developed DSM-Oriented Scales, constructed through
expert clinical judgment to match selected categories for behavioral/emotional problems as described in the DSM-IV. The present
investigation examined the basic psychometric properties for all six DSM-Oriented Scales (i.e., Affective, Anxiety, Somatic,
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Oppositional, and Conduct Scales) in a large clinical sample of children and adolescents
(N = 673). Findings from the present study provide strong evidence for the reliability, as well as convergent and discriminative
validity, of these scales. It appears that the DSM-Oriented Scales may provide accurate supplementary information that may
be considered when formulating clinical diagnoses.
相似文献
Brad J. NakamuraEmail: |
174.
The central question underlying this study revolves around how children process co-reference relationships—such as those evidenced
by pronouns (him) and reflexives (himself)—and how a slowed rate of speech input may critically affect this process. Previous studies of child language processing
have demonstrated that typical language developing (TLD) children as young as 4 years of age process co-reference relations
in a manner similar to adults on-line. In contrast, off-line measures of pronoun comprehension suggest a developmental delay
for pronouns (relative to reflexives). The present study examines dependency relations in TLD children (ages 5–13) and investigates
how a slowed rate of speech input affects the unconscious (on-line) and conscious (off-line) parsing of these constructions.
For the on-line investigations (using a cross-modal picture priming paradigm), results indicate that at a normal rate of speech
TLD children demonstrate adult-like syntactic reflexes. At a slowed rate of speech the typical language developing children displayed a breakdown in automatic syntactic parsing (again, similar to the pattern seen in unimpaired adults).
As demonstrated in the literature, our off-line investigations (sentence/picture matching task) revealed that these children
performed much better on reflexives than on pronouns at a regular speech rate. However, at the slow speech rate, performance
on pronouns was substantially improved, whereas performance on reflexives was not different than at the regular speech rate.
We interpret these results in light of a distinction between fast automatic processes (relied upon for on-line processing
in real time) and conscious reflective processes (relied upon for off-line processing), such that slowed speech input disrupts
the former, yet improves the latter. 相似文献
175.
The present research examined the developmental course of racial behaviours in childhood. It tested the hypothesis that White children's expressions of racial prejudice do not necessarily decline in middle childhood due to the development of particular cognitive skills but that instead, as argued by the socio-normative approach, children older than seven will go on expressing prejudiced attitudes under appropriate conditions. This would be explained by the presence of an anti-racism norm, along with the existence of values promoting equal rights, which impede blatant expressions of racism. In the first study 283 White children aged 6-7 and 9-10 years performed a task of resource allocation to White and Black target children in conditions of high (White interviewer was present) or low (White interviewer was absent) salience of the anti-racist norm. The 6- to 7-year-old children discriminated against the Black target in both conditions whereas older children discriminated against the Black child only when the anti-racist norm was not salient. In Study 2, 187 White children aged 6-7 and 9-10 years performed the same resource allocation task in conditions of explicit activation of similarity vs dissimilarity or egalitarian vs merit-based norms regarding race relations. Supporting the hypothesis of the role of racist or anti-racist norms on the expression of intergroup discrimination, results have again shown that 6- to 7-year-old children discriminated against the Black target in both conditions while older children presented significantly different prejudiced/nonprejudiced behaviours consistent with the activated norms. These results were discussed in terms of the need for a reanalysis of the assumptions and research results of the cognitive-developmental theory and of further developments in the socio-normative approach regarding the development of prejudice in childhood. 相似文献
176.
Child-rearing attitudes among East Asian groups have been emphasized in the developmental psychology literature in the context of their association with academic achievement. Although child-rearing attitudes play an important role in the transmission of cultural values, much of the research on East Asian child-rearing attitudes has ignored cultural variables and has instead focused on authoritarian parenting style. The current study examined the association between three classes of variables-culture (i.e., ethnic identity, self-construal, acculturation), demographics (sex, years in the US, English fluency), and self-disclosure-and traditional child-rearing attitudes (TCRA) among East Asian immigrants in the United States. It was hypothesized that higher levels of TCRA would be associated with higher levels of ethnic identity, interdependent self-construal, separation, and guarded self-disclosure, and fewer years spent in the United States. The participants included 170 East Asian (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) immigrants (88 men, 82 women) who were administered a battery of psychometrically established measures. Our hypotheses were largely supported. We found that, while there was no significant sex by ethnicity effect for TCRA, men were significantly more likely than women to endorse TCRA and the Korean group had significantly higher TCRA than the Japanese group. Ethnic identity, interdependent self-construal, separation, years in the US, and guarded self-disclosure were significant independent predictors of TCRA. The findings suggest the need for broadening the content of assessment tools of child-rearing attitudes and measuring associated cultural and noncultural variables among East Asian ethnic groups. Future research on child-rearing attitudes among Asian ethnic groups may benefit from (1) measuring multiple dimensions of TCRA, (2) assessing associated cultural variables directly rather than inferring them in an ad hoc fashion based on observed ethnicity differences, (3) measurement of demography (including sex and years spent in the host country) and (4) examining the potential influence of guarded self-disclosure. 相似文献
177.
Previous studies have shown that children retreat from argument-structure overgeneralization errors (e.g., * Don't giggle me ) by inferring that frequently encountered verbs are unlikely to be grammatical in unattested constructions, and by making use of syntax-semantics correspondences (e.g., verbs denoting internally caused actions such as giggling cannot normally be used causatively). The present study tested a new account based on a unitary learning mechanism that combines both of these processes. Seventy-two participants (ages 5–6, 9–10, and adults) rated overgeneralization errors with higher (* The funny man's joke giggled Bart ) and lower (* The funny man giggled Bart ) degrees of direct external causation. The errors with more-direct causation were rated as less unacceptable than those with less-direct causation. This finding is consistent with the new account, under which children acquire—in an incremental and probabilistic fashion—the meaning of particular constructions (e.g., transitive causative = direct external causation) and particular verbs, rejecting generalizations where the incompatibility between the two is too great. 相似文献
178.
Richard A. Epstein Neil Jordan Yong Joo Rhee Gary M. McClelland John S. Lyons 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(3):303-311
We studied 9,220 children referred to a comprehensive mental health crisis stabilization program to examine the impact of
caregiver capacity on crisis worker decisions to refer children for intensive community-based treatment as opposed to inpatient
psychiatric hospitalization. Due to the different role of caregivers in the child welfare system, analyses were stratified
by state custody status. Among both groups, there was a significant inverse association between child mental health need and
referral to intensive community-based treatment. For children not in state custody with low mental health need, there was
no difference in the likelihood of referral to intensive community-based treatment across levels of caregiver capacity. However,
for children not in state custody with medium and high mental health needs, those whose caregivers were deficient or severely
deficient were significantly more likely to be referred for intensive community-based treatment than were those who had capable
caregivers. Multivariate analyses demonstrated similar results after controlling for potential confounding variables and confirmed
that caregiver capacity contributes significantly to the logistic model’s classification accuracy. Results suggest further
investigation of the impact of caregiver capacity on mental health crisis worker referral decisions is needed. 相似文献
179.
Parenting behaviors have received ample support as a mediator of the relationship between maternal affect and child behavior
problems. The majority of these research efforts were based on a uni-dimensional conceptualization of maternal mood, even
though decades of theory and research suggest that mood is multidimensional. We examined the mediating role of parenting behaviors
on positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) and reports of child behavior problems. Evidence for mediation was demonstrated
for both PA and NA for children in early to middle childhood. Consistent with the positive psychology movement, our results
suggest that maternal PA plays an important role in parents’ utilization of effective parenting behaviors. Implications for
clinical intervention and future research are discussed. 相似文献
180.
This article provides an overview of parent management training (PMT) for preschool-age children with aggressive and oppositional behaviors. Assessment strategies and basic concepts of PMT are provided. Theoretical underpinnings and research outcomes are highlighted for some variations of PMT programs that have strong empirical support. These programs include Helping the Noncompliant Child, Parent–Child Interaction Therapy, Incredible Years Training Series, Triple P-Positive Parenting Program, and Oregon Early Intervention Foster Care. 相似文献