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961.
962.
An experiment was conducted with sceond-grade children to test the hypothesis that contextual (task format) changes limit the transfer of learning. The Ss learned two problems employing different formats concurrently and were then given a single transfer problem similar in format to one of the training problems. The transfer data were predictable from a consideration of the similar format training problem and independent of the different format training problem. This indicated that contextual cues were stored during training and played a role in determining transfer. 相似文献
963.
J.C. Falmagne 《Journal of mathematical psychology》1973,10(3):290-295
This paper discusses a sufficient set of conditions for a structure to be ordered-ring isomorphic to a positive subinterval of the real numbers. It extends our previous results concerning bounded versions of Hölder's Theorem (Falmagne, 1971). The main result can serve as a basic lemma for establishing representation theorems in polynomial conjoint measurement when the empirical sets contain neither large elements nor ones close to the natural zero. 相似文献
964.
Matthew Hugh Erdelyi Shira Finkelstein Nadeanne Herrel Bruce Miller Jane Thomas 《Cognition》1976,4(4):311-319
Recent experiments indicate that recall of pictures, unlike recall of words, may increase (hypermnesia) with time and effort. This study demonstrates that by recoding word inputs into ‘mental pictures’, i.e., images, subjects can transform inert word lists into hypermnesic ones. Thus, when word inputs are recoded into images, recall increases over time, and resembles in other respects the recall of pictures. 相似文献
965.
W.Curtis Banks 《Journal of experimental social psychology》1976,12(2):131-138
Subjects were led to perceive a trainee as either similar or dissimilar to themselves. During subsequent influence trials, subjects attempted to assess the causes of the trainee's performance and to employ rewards, punishments, or manipulations of the trainee's environment to optimize her performance. It was predicted that subjects would perceive the performance of dissimilar trainees as caused more by the dispositional factor of motivation than the performance of similar trainees, and that dissimilar trainees would thus be rewarded more upon success as well as punished more upon failure. The hypotheses were supported, and a model of reward-punishment behavior and attribution is discussed. 相似文献
966.
Rats trained to avoid shock by running in a shuttlebox showed an orderly increase over trials in the probability of avoidance but no corresponding change over trials in the latency of the avoidance response. Both responding in the presence of shock (escapes) and responding prior to shock onset (avoidances) appeared to be stationary in time. Latencies were found to vary with different experimental conditions but in every case to be invariant over trials. 相似文献
967.
Two studies are reported which test the hypothesis that extraverts are more tolerant of cognitive inconsistency than are introverts. The first study tested this prediction in the context of Heider's balance model. While degree of extraversion did not moderate reactions to imbalance, extraverts did show less aversion to interpersonal disagreement than introverts. When coupled with other recently published data this suggests that extraverts find arousing social situations less aversive than introverts. In support of the main hypothesis, the second experiment showed that extraverts changed their attitudes less than introverts as a result of writing an essay which was counter to their own attitude under conditions where they had high perceived freedom of choice. 相似文献
968.
969.
The specific impairment of performance on repetition tasks has classically been identified with conduction aphasia. It is argued that this impairment can be subdivided and a deficit in span performance distinguished from that of the reproduction of single words. An explanation of the span deficit in terms of auditory-verbal short-term memory is preferred to hypotheses involving disconnections or damage to order retention systems. It is shown that a short-term memory component is present in many patients previously classified as conduction aphasics. 相似文献
970.