从《病历书写基本规范》的施行谈对患者同意权的再认识

本文通过对《病历书写基本规范》中有关患者同意权内容的研究,重点探讨了患者同意权的应用范围、发展变化以及尚需进一步解答的具体问题。为在实践中充分领会"《规范》"内容,不断深化患者权益保障,促进医院管理水平稳步提高作出了笔者力所能及的贡献。     

Evaluating Supervision Models in Functional Family Therapy: Does Adding Observation Enhance Outcomes?

This study examined the effects of observation‐based supervision Building Outcomes with Observation‐Based Supervision of Therapy (BOOST therapists = 26, families = 105), versus supervision as usual (SAU therapists = 21, families = 59) on (a) youth externalizing behavior problems and (b) the moderating effects of changes in family functioning on youth externalizing behaviors for adolescents receiving Functional Family Therapy (FFT). Exploratory analyses examined the impact of supervision conditions on youth internalizing problems. In 8 community agencies, experienced FFT therapists (M = 1.4 years) received either BOOST or SAU supervision in a quasi‐experimental design. Male (59%) or female (41%) adolescents were referred for the treatment of behavior problems (e.g., delinquency, substance use). Clients were Hispanic (62%), African American (19%), Non‐Hispanic White (12%), or Other (7%) ethnic/racial origins. Therapists (female, 77%) were Hispanic 45%, African American (19%), White Non‐Hispanic (30%), or other (4%) ethnic/racial backgrounds. Analyses controlled for the presence or absence of clinically elevated symptoms on outcome variables. Clinical outcomes were measured at baseline, 5 months, and 12 months after treatment initiation. Clients with externalizing behavior above clinical thresholds had significantly greater reductions in problem behaviors in the BOOST versus the SAU conditions. Clients below thresholds did not respond differentially to conditions. Supervisors in BOOST had more experience with the FFT model; as such, the observed results may be a result of supervisor experience. The BOOST supervision was associated with improved outcomes on problem behaviors that were above clinical thresholds. The findings demonstrate the importance of addressing client case mix in implementation studies in natural environments.     

离退休与在职人员生命质量的比较研究

为了寻找离退休人员生命质量 (QOL)影响因素 ,指导有限资源投入 ,本研究以问卷形式对该单位 1 4 2名离退休人员、66名在职人员随遇抽样调查。从物质生活状态、躯体功能、心理功能和社会功能四个方面对其QOL进行了多维评估研究。结果显示 :①该单位离退休人员QOL与在职人员有明显差异 ,其中离退休人员QOL总评、躯体、心理、社会功能评分等均低于在职人员 ;②躯体功能与离退休人员年龄呈负相关性趋势 ,其他维度与年龄相关性不显著。因此 ,离退休人员QOL总体上低于在职人员 ,因子、维度及QOL总评之间的相关性也有其特点 ,且年龄不是差异的决定因素 ,应通过改善主导需要的相关因子等手段提高离退休人员QOL ,为全社会的可持续发展服务。     

Participant Retention in the Parents Matter! Program: Strategies and Outcome

We present a discussion of the literature addressing retention of ethnic minority samples in longitudinal studies. In addition, we describe the retention procedures implemented in the Parents Matter! Program (PMP), a community-based sexual risk reduction intervention for African American families. Finally, the results of PMP's retention strategies are presented.     

The Younger Generation of Culture Scholars and Culture-studies in Russia Today

I consider the main problem areas within theacademic project ``The 1990s: The Semantics ofRussian Culture,' undertaken by researchers,recent graduates, and the first post-graduatesof the Moscow Institute for European Cultures.The areas include new figures on the publicscene; new forms of communication; newinstitutions; current processes in culture andsociety. I examine the social and historicalframework of the formation of culture studiesas an academic discipline in contemporaryRussia, the alternative perspectives and tasksof the sociology of culture in Russian today.     

在综合基础上创新：鼠伤寒菌pla基因及其功能研究的思考

Through an analysis of the philosophy in the study of the pla gene of s.typhimurium,it is obvious that,in scientific researches,comprehensive studies preform an important function,and the creativity originated from them has great beneficial effect.     

Linking clergy psychological type profile and church growth in the Diocese of Chester: a pilot study

Two recent studies (one in England and one in Australia) have linked church growth and church decline with the psychological type profile of church leaders. The present study, conducted within the Diocese of Chester, compares the psychological type profile of two groups of clergy who had served in the same parishes for five years or more: 29 leading declining churches and 19 leading growing churches. The data found a significantly higher preference for perceiving among those leading growing churches, although there were no significant differences in terms of the orientations, the perceiving process, or the judging process.     

Introducing the Congregational Bonding Social Capital Scale: a study among Anglican churchgoers in south London

As social capital theory comes to play a part in quantitative congregational studies, so there is the need for established and tested measures of different forms of social capital to be available for inclusion in surveys. This article reports on the psychometric properties of the newly proposed Congregational Bonding Social Capital Scale (CBSCS) tested among 23,884 adult churchgoers throughout the Anglican Diocese of Southwark in south London. The data support the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of this 7-item measure.     

THE CHRISTIAN CORE OF INTELLIGENT DESIGN

Intelligent design (ID) theorists assert that ID is a scientific theory that is merely consistent with some religious beliefs. Many critics point to the circumstantial evidence of the apparent development of ID from creation science and the affiliation of ID with mainstream evangelical organizations to assert its religious orientation. This article suggests that the position of ID proponents is a substantial understatement, and that beyond the circumstantial evidence of critics, fundamental Christian doctrine constitutes the essence of ID theory. The bulk of scholarship on ID is polarized into those for and against, as most focus on adjudicating ID truth claims, but this adversarial structure elides some important complexities. This article sets aside the truth claims of ID and focuses more broadly on the discourse in which it is situated to show the Christian core of ID and to examine several hallmarks of religion apparent from this perspective.     

Healing Without Waging War: Beyond Military Metaphors in Medicine and HIV Cure Research

Military metaphors are pervasive in biomedicine, including HIV research. Rooted in the mind set that regards pathogens as enemies to be defeated, terms such as “shock and kill” have become widely accepted idioms within HIV cure research. Such language and symbolism must be critically examined as they may be especially problematic when used to express scientific ideas within emerging health-related fields. In this article, philosophical analysis and an interdisciplinary literature review utilizing key texts from sociology, anthropology, history, and Chinese and African studies were conducted to investigate the current proliferation of military metaphors. We found the use of these metaphors to be ironic, unfortunate, and unnecessary. To overcome military metaphors we propose to (1) give them less aggressive meanings, and/or (2) replace them with more peaceful metaphors. Building on previous authors' work, we argue for the increased use of “journey” (and related) metaphors as meaningful, cross-culturally appropriate alternatives to military metaphors.