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961.
Connell L 《Cognition》2007,102(3):476-485
Embodied theories of cognition hold that mentally representing something red engages the neural subsystems that respond to environmental perception of that colour. This paper examines whether implicit perceptual information on object colour is represented during sentence comprehension even though doing so does not necessarily facilitate task performance. After reading a sentence that implied a particular colour for a given object, participants were presented with a picture of the object that either matched or mismatched the implied colour. When asked if the pictured object was mentioned in the preceding sentence, people's responses were faster when the colours mismatched than when they matched, suggesting that object colour is represented differently to other object properties such as shape and orientation. A distinction between stable and unstable embodied representations is proposed to allow embodied theories to account for these findings. 相似文献
962.
Thought suppression can ironically lead to a rebound of unwanted thoughts [Wegner, D. M. (1994). Ironic processes of mental control. Psychological Review, 101, 34-52.]. The present research explored whether self-affirmation may eliminate rebound effects after thought suppression. Participants either suppressed or used stereotypes in an impression formation task. Subsequently, self-affirmation was manipulated by providing participants with positive or neutral personality feedback, and stereotype accessibility was assessed. The results showed that suppression led to a rebound of stereotypic associations among neutral-feedback participants, but not among positive-feedback participants. The authors conclude that self-affirmation enhances the efficiency of mental control. 相似文献
963.
John E. Carr Eugene K. Emory Anthony Errichetti Suzanne Bennett Johnson Elena Reyes 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(1):33-39
The Institute of Medicine has reviewed and made recommendations concerning current teaching approaches, content, and barriers
to the incorporation of behavioral/social sciences in medical school curricula (Cuff & Vanselow, 2004). This paper discusses
those recommendations, the history of medical education reform, the barriers to and evolution of behavioral/social sciences’
inclusion, and the implications for psychology’s future role in academic medicine. Psychological concepts and technology permeate
medical practice, but little progress has been made in integrating psychological and biological sciences. Looking to its basic
science domains (e.g. cognition, learning, development, neuroscience), psychology can take scientific leadership in illuminating
the mechanisms by which behavioral/social processes interact with biological functions in health, thereby providing the empirical
basis for a truly integrated bio-behavioral curriculum.
This article is based upon a symposium, “IOM Report on Enhancing Behavioral & Social Science in Medical Education: Impact
and Opportunities for Psychology,” presented at the Annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington,
D.C., August 21, 2005. Suzanne Bennett Johnson, Chair; Elena Reyes, John E. Carr, and Anthony Errichetti, participants; Eugene
K. Emory, Discussant. 相似文献
964.
Phillipa Hay Anita Darby Jonathan Mond 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(1):59-68
Poor Mental Health Literacy (MHL), i.e. knowledge and beliefs about bulimia nervosa (BN), among health professionals may contribute
to low rates of recognition and less optimal management. The aim of this study was to investigate the BN-MHL of health professionals.
A total of 534 professionals selected randomly from Internet based lists were surveyed with a MHL questionnaire regarding
a fictional vignette of a woman with BN. One hundred and thirty-six dieticians, 68 psychologists and 97 counselors, total
56% (n = 301) responded. The majority of respondents indicated the woman in the vignette suffered from BN (49%) or an eating disorder
(20%) and endorsed evidenced based approaches. On post hoc between group analyses there was a trend (p = .02) for dieticians and psychologists to be more likely than counselors to accurately identify the diagnosis of BN. Dieticians
and psychologists were also more likely than counselors to endorse a psychologist as the most helpful treatment provider (p<.001) and to be more likely to endorse cognitive behavioral therapy as the most helpful treatment (p<.001). These results indicate a need for greater training and support for non specialist primary care health professionals. 相似文献
965.
时间序列关系推理是对事件发生的先后顺序关系的推理,是日常生活思维的重要方面。已有的研究关注3类推理问题,探查了不同任务变式下成人时间序列关系推理过程和推理策略,研究结果多支持心理模型理论。未来的研究应探明3类问题的性质,从心理逻辑理论的角度深化策略的研究结果,进一步揭示推理的机制。 相似文献
966.
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the human brain have reported evidence for sexual dimorphism. In addition to sex differences in overall cerebral volume, differences in the proportion of gray matter (GM) to white matter (WM) volume have been observed, particularly in the parietal lobe. To our knowledge there have been no studies examining the relationship between the sex differences in parietal lobe structure and function. The parietal lobe is thought to be involved in spatial ability, and particularly involved in mental rotation. The purpose of this study is to examine whether sex differences in parietal lobe structure are present, and if present to relate these differences to performance on the mental rotations test (MRT). We found that women had proportionately greater gray matter volume in the parietal lobe compared to men, and this morphologic difference was disadvantageous for women in terms of performance on the MRT. In contrast, we found that men compared to women had proportionately greater parietal lobe surface area, and this morphologic difference was associated with a performance advantage for men on mental rotation. These findings support the possibility that the sexual dimorphism in the structure of the parietal lobe is a neurobiological substrate for the sex difference in performance on the mental rotations test. 相似文献
967.
Kieran Bonner 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2009,30(2):81-103
This paper takes a phenomenological hermeneutic orientation to explicate and explore the notion of the grey zone of health
and illness and seeks to develop the concept through an examination of the case of alcohol consumption. The grey zone is an
interpretive area referring to the irremediable zone of ambiguity that haunts even the most apparently resolute discourse.
This idea points to an ontological indeterminacy, in the face of which decisions have to be made with regard to the health
of a person (e.g., an alcoholic), a system (e.g., the health system), or a society. The fundamental character of this notion
will be developed in relation to the discourse on health and the limitations of different disciplinary practices. The case
of alcohol consumption will be used to tease out the grey zone embedded in the different kinds of knowledge made available
through the disciplinary traditions of medical science, with its emphasis on somatic well-being, and anthropology, with its
focus on communal well-being. This tension or grey zone embedded in different knowledge outcomes will be shown to have a discursive
parallel with the dialogue between the Athenian, the Spartan, and the Cretan in Plato’s Laws. Making use of the dialogical approach as described by Gadamer, the Athenian’s particular resolution of the tension will be
explored as a case study to demonstrate the necessarily particular analysis involved in a grey zone resolution.
相似文献
Kieran BonnerEmail: |
968.
Patrick R. Daly 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2009,30(2):147-160
This paper represents a preliminary investigation relating Bernard Lonergan’s thought to health science and the healing arts.
First, I provide background for basic elements of Lonergan’s theoretical terminology that I employ. As inquiry is the engine
of Lonergan’s method, next I specify two questions that underlie medical insights and define several terms, including health,
disease, and illness, in relation to these questions. Then I expand the frame of reference to include all disciplines involved
in the cycle of clinical interaction under the heading health science and the healing arts. Finally, I analyze the cycle of
clinical interaction in terms of Lonergan’s cognitive theory. I compare and contrast my analysis, based on Lonergan, with
that of Pellegrino, Thomasma and Sulmasy as I proceed. In closing, I comment briefly on the next stage of this project regarding
Lonergan’s theory of the human good in relation to the practice of the healing arts.
相似文献
Patrick R. DalyEmail: |
969.
John W. Fisher 《International Journal of Children's Spirituality》2009,14(2):151-167
Education students in Australian state and Christian universities expressed their views on ideals, lived experience, and help expected from schools in four domains of spiritual well‐being (personal, communal, environmental, and transcendental) (SWB), using the Spiritual Health and Life‐Orientation Measure (SHALOM). Students’ lived experiences greatly affected their views on help provided by schools to nurture students’ SWB. Currently, the more religious students in Christian universities reported support for their SWB from religious activities, whereas students in the state university gained support from more humanistic sources. But is this sufficient? Education students in state universities are likely to maintain the status quo regarding SWB in state schools. They report levels of help for students in line with current teachers’ views. Christian university education students have lower expectations of schools than current teachers in Christian schools. However, some positive action is being taken in Christian universities to address the spiritual formation of their students. Further opportunities are needed within teacher education and schools in Australia for staff to address this area of vital concern for their own and students’ SWB. 相似文献
970.
Deanne K. Unruh Jeff M. Gau Miriam G. Waintrup 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(3):284-293
Juvenile offenders are costly to our society in terms of the monetary and social expenditures from the legal system, victims’
person costs, and incarceration. The re-entry and community reintegration outcomes for formerly incarcerated youth with a
disabling condition are bleak compared to peers without disabilities. In this study, we examined the factors––both static
and intervention-related––that reduce recidivism rates for project participants possessing a mental health and/or special
education diagnosis and were served by a facility-to-community re-entry intervention. Our sample was comprised of a total
of 320 youth formerly incarcerated who received project services between August of 1999 through June of 2004. Project services
include a transition specialist whose role is service coordination to youth from the facility to the community. Kaplan–Meier
survival functions were calculated for participants on the outcome measure of the rates of recidivism. Additionally, Cox regression
modeling was used to identify factors for the prediction of time to recidivate. Our findings indicate that the intervention
may contribute to reduced recidivism rates but that a set of static demographic and pre-incarceration risks contribute more
to the prediction of recidivism than community adjustment factors (e.g., employment or enrollment). With these findings, the
intervention seems promising yet it remains unclear about which programmatic features contribute to reduced recidivism rates.
Implications for research and practice are shared. 相似文献