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971.
Patrick Ian Armstrong James Rounds Lawrence Hubert 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2008,72(3):284-297
Noteworthy progress has been made in the development of statistical models for evaluating the structure of vocational interests over the past three decades. It is proposed that historically significant interest datasets, when combined with modern structural methods of data analysis, provide an opportunity to re-examine the underlying assumptions of J.L. Holland’s [Holland, J. L. (1959). A theory of vocational choice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 6, 35–45; Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources] RIASEC model. To illustrate this potential, data obtained from J. P. Guilford’s study of interest structure were re-analyzed using modern circumplex and hierarchical clustering techniques to evaluate Holland’s and I. Gati’s [Gati, I. (1979). A hierarchical model for the structure of interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 15, 90–106; Gati, I. (1991). The structure of vocational interests. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 309–324] interest structures. Obtained results indicate that a circumplex model can be used to effectively represent the structure underlying Guilford’s interest measures. However, hierarchical clustering results suggest that Holland’s RIASEC types may not be the most effective categories for grouping specific interest measures into broader interest areas. The current findings provide support for the continued investigation of alternatives to Holland’s interest categories using modern measures of basic interests. 相似文献
972.
Mauricio M. Palmeira H. Shanker Krishnan 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2008,106(2):153-167
In two-stage choices, decision makers often compare a new (isolated) option with the winner from the first stage. Previous research has identified a choice advantage for an isolated option, ostensibly due to loss aversion. We propose an alternative mechanism suggesting that instability of the criteria used in each choice stage is the main driver of the isolated option effect. Results from a series of experiments support the criteria instability account and not loss aversion as the explanation for the isolated option effect. 相似文献
973.
ABSTRACT— One major contribution of neuroscience to understanding cognitive development has been in demonstrating that biology is not destiny—that is, demonstrating the remarkable role of experience in shaping the mind, brain, and body. Only rarely has neuroscience provided wholly new insights into cognitive development, but often it has provided evidence of mechanisms by which observations of developmental psychologists could be explained. Behavioral findings have often remained controversial until an underlying biological mechanism for them was offered. Neuroscience has demonstrated promise for detecting cognitive problems before they are behaviorally observable—and, hence, promise for early intervention. In this article, we discuss examples drawn from imitation and mirror neurons, phenylketonuria (PKU) and prefrontal dopamine, maternal touch and stress reactivity, and nongenetic (behavioral) intergenerational transmission of biological characteristics. 相似文献
974.
Rudolph L 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2008,42(2):144-152
I suggest a modification—and mathematization—of Freeman’s thesis on the relations among “perception”, “the finite brain”,
and “the world”, based on my recent proposal that the theory of finite topological spaces is both an adequate and a natural
mathematical foundation for human psychology.
Lee Rudolph is Professor of Mathematics at Clark University and an affiliate of the Kitchen Seminar and SEC Forum there. Most of his mathematical research (since his 1974 Ph.D. from M.I.T.) has been in low-dimensional geometric topology, which he has recently begun to apply to both mathematical psychology and robotics. He currently a co-principal investigator of Practical Parametrization and Efficient Motion Planning of Linkage Systems (NSF Award IIS-0713335). His third collection of poetry, A Woman and a Man, Ice-Fishing, was published by Texas Review Press in 2005. 相似文献
Lee RudolphEmail: URL: http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~lrudolph |
Lee Rudolph is Professor of Mathematics at Clark University and an affiliate of the Kitchen Seminar and SEC Forum there. Most of his mathematical research (since his 1974 Ph.D. from M.I.T.) has been in low-dimensional geometric topology, which he has recently begun to apply to both mathematical psychology and robotics. He currently a co-principal investigator of Practical Parametrization and Efficient Motion Planning of Linkage Systems (NSF Award IIS-0713335). His third collection of poetry, A Woman and a Man, Ice-Fishing, was published by Texas Review Press in 2005. 相似文献
975.
Christopher J. Hopwood Suzannah K. Creech Timothy S. Clark Mary W. Meagher Leslie C. Morey 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(4):301-307
The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is one of the most commonly used self-report instruments in pain settings. The MPI
can be used to classify patients into three clusters or its nine scales can be treated as dimensions in efforts to understand
patient heterogeneity. Previous research suggests the existence of a fourth cluster, whose members have been labeled ‘repressors,’
that emerges with the addition of a defensiveness scale to the MPI. The current paper compared the abilities of MPI cluster
and dimensional models with and without a measure of defensiveness to capture variability in validating variables related
to personality, psychopathology, physical functioning, and treatment outcome in a chronic pain sample. Results suggest that
dimensional models consistently outperform cluster models in explaining variance in outcome variables, and that the addition
of a measure of defensiveness increments the validity offered by the MPI scales. Implications for the assessment of pain patients
are discussed.
相似文献
Christopher J. HopwoodEmail: |
976.
977.
978.
本研究考察了成年子女与其父母的代际关系中团结和关系质量对代际双方身体和心理结果的影响。研究1中,对中国成年子女(N=1283)的潜在类别分析结果显示是六种代际团结类别,多项逻辑回归表明两代人的特征会影响团结潜在类别和关系质量。研究2中,对367对中国成年子女-父母(N=734)的报告进行等级线性建模,行动者-搭档互依模型结果指出好的团结潜在类别(自我和搭档报告的)和好的关系质量(自我报告的)与两代人的高幸福感相关,好的团结潜在类别(自我和搭档报告的)和好的关系质量(自我和搭档报告的)预测了两代人的低心理苦恼;其中代际和性别调节了团结类别和关系质量对自我报告健康及幸福感的作用,同时,两代人团结类别的交互作用和评价的相似性也影响了幸福感和心理苦恼。 相似文献
979.
在组织环境中开展多水平研究会涉及到对处于组织中不同水平七的概念、变量或过程进行界定的问题。在已有概念基础上提出新的概念必须保证其有效性。本文以气氛研究为例介绍了与此问题相应的五种模式。 相似文献
980.
Theories of sentence production that involve a convergence of activation from conceptual‐semantic and syntactic‐sequential units inspired a connectionist model that was trained to produce simple sentences. The model used a learning algorithm that resulted in a sharing of responsibility (or “division of labor”) between syntactic and semantic inputs for lexical activation according to their predictive power. Semantically rich, or “heavy”, verbs in the model came to rely on semantic cues more than on syntactic cues, whereas semantically impoverished, or “light”, verbs relied more on syntactic cues. When the syntactic and semantic inputs were lesioned, the model exhibited patterns of production characteristic of agrammatic and anomic aphasic patients, respectively. Anomic models tended to lose the ability to retrieve heavy verbs, whereas agrammatic models were more impaired in retrieving light verbs. These results obtained in both sentence production and single‐word naming simulations. Moreover, simulated agrammatic lexical retrieval was more impaired overall in sentences than in single‐word tasks, in agreement with the literature. The results provide a demonstration of the division‐of‐labor principle, as well as general support for the claim that connectionist learning principles can contribute to the understanding of non‐transparent neuropsychological dissociations. 相似文献