Formative Evaluation of a Tabletop Display Meant to Orient Casual Conversation

In this paper, we introduce a novel type of persuasive system aimed at orienting a group conversation in a casual setting. The system is based on a tabletop display complemented by a limited speech recognition system (a word spotter). It affects group behavior indirectly by presenting on the shared interface contextually appropriate visual material in a way reminiscent of the tradition of advertising: attention-catching, evocative, and cognitively stimulating. The system is meant to be used in the context of a museum visit. The purpose is to influence a group of friends so that they discuss their museum experience, while sitting at the museum café after the visit. Results show the system in the current version has a moderate effect on group behavior and provide indications for promising improvements.     

Marmosets as a next-generation model of comparative cognition

Common marmosets have traditionally been used in fields such as comparative psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and ethology, and as animal models of human disease research because of their relatively small body size, high reproductive rate, similar breeding system characteristics to those of humans, high dependency on vocal communication, and behavioral effects from drug administration that resemble those of humans. Although the animal has proved to be quite advantageous in animal model research in comparison to rodents, and has specific ecological and evolutionary characteristics that are worthy of exploration, few attempts have been made until recently to combine both types of approach. Thus, supported by neuroscientific methodologies that have recently been developed using this species, the authors suggest that the evolutionary origins of cognitive and social functions common to or differentiated in primates, could be uncovered through research that explores the behavioral and neural bases of cognition in the marmosets.     

Reduced approach motivation following nonreward: Extension of the BIS/BAS scales

The current study describes the development and validation of a new subscale to be used with the BIS/BAS scales (Carver & White, 1994). This subscale measures lowered approach motivation following nonreward. Factor analysis of the new subscale was carried out within a sample of 308 University students, test–retest reliability was established within a sample of 62 individuals, and construct validity was explored in a sample of 86 individuals by comparing scores on the new subscale with those on an existing self-report measure of apathy and on a behavioural measure of persistence. Reliability and validity of the new frustrative nonreward responsiveness subscale was found to be adequate within the populations studied. The findings are discussed in relation to theoretical accounts of BAS and BIS sensitivity.     

THE EFFECTS OF PARENT‐IMPLEMENTED PECS TRAINING ON IMPROVISATION OF MANDS BY CHILDREN WITH AUTISM

The present study examined the extent to which mothers were able to train their children, 2 boys with autism, to exchange novel pictures to request items using the picture exchange communication system (PECS). Generalization probes assessing each child's ability to mand for untrained items were conducted throughout conditions. Using a multiple baseline design, results demonstrated that both children improvised by using alternative symbols when the corresponding symbol was unavailable across all symbol categories (colors, shapes, and functions) and that parents can teach their children to use novel pictorial response forms.     

建立县级领导干部绩效结构和考核指标体系的思考

县级领导干部的绩效考核一直是党和国家关注的焦点,而实践中县级领导干部的绩效考核多年来一直是个难点问题。该文通过回顾国内外绩效考核的相关理论和文献,对应该如何建立科学有效的县级领导干部绩效结构及考核指标体系进行了探讨,并进一步提出了其研究的创新和意义所在。     

汉魏易学的绍承、超越与开新——孔颖达新型易学理论体系的建构

唐初著名易学家、经学家孔颖达在易学领域的突出贡献,彰显为在易学及哲学史上产生了广泛而深远影响的易学理论体系的建构。这一新型的体大思精的易学理论体系之得以构筑,乃根植于孔颖达在唐初学术及政治视野下,对汉魏传统易学殚精竭虑之检视、透析与省察基础上的绍承、超越与开新。     

论社会主义核心价值体系基本内容的层次结构

社会主义核心价值体系的基本内容是一种结构性存在,它所包含的四个方面的基本内容具有不同的性质,其中,马克思主义指导思想是导向性内容,中国特色社会主义共同理想是目标性内容,以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神是情感性和动力性内容,社会主义荣辱观是基础性内容。从层次结构上看,社会主义核心价值体系所包含的四个方面的基本内容,从最低层次到最高层次,构成一个逻辑严谨、层次分明、由高到低、由理论到实践、由思想到行为的整体性框架结构,而每一层次也有着自身的层次结构特点。     

关于“医学检验”向“检验医学”转变的思考

“医学检验”伴随着临床化学、临床血液学、临床微生物学、临床免疫学、临床分子诊断学等学科的发展,进一步走向深化与细化。然而检验与临床之间隔阂愈演愈烈的现状,显示出还原论指导思想下的“医学检验”模式将难以适应现代医学的发展趋势,进而向着以系统论为哲学指导思想的“检验医学”模式的转变,其间正经历着一场由还原论到系统论、再实现还原论与系统论辩证统一的演化过程。     

出生缺陷干预模式探讨

出生缺陷(birth defection,BD)已经成为目前全世界共同关注的一个重大公共卫生问题。为此,世界卫生组织提出预防出生缺陷的“三级预防策略”,国家计生委于2000年组织实施“出生缺陷干预工程”。结合哲学思想对出生缺陷的三级预防以及干预模式进行综合分析。     

医学创新的跨学科特征分析

以诺贝尔生理学和医学奖获奖者群体为样本,从该群体的知识背景、研究方法、科研协作方面入手,进行计量分析和实证研究,揭示医学创新研究的跨学科特征,认为跨学科知识背景是获得创新性成果的前提和基础,进而指出医学创新研究最终会导致新的医学跨学科体系的建构,推动整个医学的发展.