What is the European Union? Religion between Neofunctionalism and Intergovernmentalism

This paper examines the ways in which religion has played a part in the process of European integration. By exploring the position of religious communities towards the European Community since the 1950s until today, it argues that the place of religion has been influenced by the theoretical debates on European integration, namely neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism. It suggests that, since 1992, the European Union has adopted a neofunctionalist approach towards religious communities, in contrast with the dominant intergovernmentalist integration process between EU member-states. The analysis of religion in relation to this theoretical dispute raises questions about the nature of the European Union and the adaptation of religious communities to supranational institutions.     

Dual Identities and Their Recognition: Minority Group Members' Perspectives

Minorities may define themselves at a superordinate (e.g., national) level and also at a subgroup (minority) level. However, others' recognition of such dual identifications cannot be guaranteed. This paper investigates how members of a minority (Muslims in the UK) constructed their superordinate and subgroup identities in such a way as to assert a commonality with British non‐Muslims whilst asserting their religious subgroup's distinctiveness. Reporting qualitative data obtained through interviews (N = 28), the analysis explores how British Muslims negotiated concerns over commonality and distinctiveness through describing themselves as being British in a Muslim way. The implications of these self‐definitions for the theorization of dual identities, their recognition, and intergroup relations are discussed.     

Acculturation Attitudes and Sociocultural Adjustment of Sojourner Youth in Israel

Abstract

Among 300 Jewish sojourner youth (age range: 15–18 years) from the Russian Federation, the authors investigated associations of acculturation attitudes, measures of sociocultural adjustment, and length of the encounter with the host society, Israel. All the youth were participating in a 1-3-year program of high school studies in Israel. In the light of J. W. Berry's (1997) acculturation model, the authors examined the assumptions that the participants' adjustment to Israeli society would require readiness to abandon some of their previous identity and to adopt elements of a new identity characteristic of the host society. Lower degrees of separation and higher degrees of integration were positively linked with measures of sociocultural adjustment. The adjustment scores tended to decrease over time spent in Israel.     

Relations of Self-Esteem Concerns,Group Identification,and Self-Stereotyping to In-Group Favoritism

Abstract

In 2 studies, the author examined the effect of collective self-esteem (CSE; J. Crocker & R. Luhtanen, 1993) on people's willingness to display in-group favoritism. To test that self-esteem hypothesis, he measured public CSE, rather than private CSE, because the former parallels a threat to social identity, a state believed to motivate in-group favoritism. Furthermore, the author explored whether group identification and self-stereotyping moderated the effect of public CSE on in-group favoritism. The participants were 92 British and Dutch university employees. As expected, participants high in public CSE displayed more in-group favoritism than did those low in public CSE. Moreover, group identification and self-stereotyping appeared to moderate the effect of CSE.     

健康城市建设的新理念及其导向

健康城市的理论与实践的发展以及人类对健康及其决定因素认知的深入使健康城市的内涵和理念不断扩充,吸纳了健康的社会模式及健康决定因素的理念,为健康城市建设注入了新的机制,并成为健康城市建设发展的新导向。我国建设健康城市的实践,从基线评估、规划制定到建设推进,已着力体现国际上健康城市的新理念和导向。     

人类社会中精神活性物质滥用的多维探源

现代文明社会中酒精、烟草以及非法违禁物质的滥用,使人类为之付出了惨痛的代价。为什么人类在经历自然选择后仍没有摆脱物质滥用的顽疾?从成瘾物质的特性以及在生物进化,特别是人类历史中的物质滥用发展过程,来探讨其在人类社会中存在的原因是很必要的。     

走向深层发展伦理学——贝克风险社会理论的发展伦理学意蕴

对发展伦理学而言,贝克“风险社会理论”的根本方法论意义,在于启发我们思考这样一个问题:“应该用什么方法、在什么层面上建构发展伦理学”?贝克风险社会理论对明确发展伦理学的研究视域、学理层次、研究平台等具有重要方法论启示。     

和谐社会需要什么样的人生观

本文从利益调适、人生心态、人生意志、人生消费等多方面论证了加强人生观研究是构建社会主义和谐社会的内在需要,并在此基础上提出了社会主义和谐社会需要确立利益兼顾、诚信友爱、进取而又平和、身心和谐的人生观。作者还提出,建设社会主义和谐社会的人生观可以从中外文明中汲取宝贵的精神滋养.     

A statistical approach to Saaty's scaling method for priorities

This paper investigates the logarithmic least squares (LLSM) approach to Saaty's (Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1977, 5, 234–281) scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures. It is argued that statistical criteria are important in deciding the scaling method controversy. It is shown that LLSM is statistically optimal under a number of realistic and practical models. Variances and covariances of parameter estimates are derived. The covariance matrix associated with overall priority differences is also developed. These results allow for a significance analysis of apparent priority differences.