Simmering in the Soviet pot: language heterogeneity in early Soviet socio-linguistics

At the beginning of the ’30s—the period of lively debates on the relation between language and society—one of the main issues in linguistics was language heterogeneity. On the example of the texts by Boris Larin, Georgij Danilov and Lev Jakubinskij we shall compare two attitudes about unity and division of a language. If the studies by Larin and Danilov in various ways establish divisions in society and language at the end of the ’20s, in the ’30s there is a marked tendency to recognize language unity and the cohesiveness of the proletarian society, as seen in socio-linguistic analyses by Jakubinskij. The conclusion, suggested at the end of this exposition, claims that the idea of one national language grows in importance in the discourse of the Soviet linguistics at the beginning of 1930s. Disappearance of the contemporary language heterogeneity in the discourse of Soviet linguists of the period corroborates how linguistics adapts to the political conceptions of society.

The Rationality of Dissensus: A Reply to Goodin

Robert Goodin claims that he has undermined my ``proof of theinevitability of rational consensus among all patient people of goodwill.' I did not intend my position as a proof of the inevitabilityof rational consensus, however, and, in fact, I insist on thereasonableness of dissensus in some cases. I welcome the opportunity,provoked by Goodin's interesting reflections, to clarify my position. Iproved with Carl Wagner that iterated weighted averaging converges towardconsensus under conditions of connectedness and constancy resulting fromthe positive weight that individuals give to each other. I allow, nevertheless,that individuals may rationally assign zero weight to each other in a waythat blocks convergence and yields dissensus. The assignment of zeroweight to others will be rational, for example, when the interests ormoral concerns of the individual would be co-opted as a result of givingpositive weight to others. The assignment of positive weight to othersrequires modification of one's position, however, for the refusal to modifyone's position is mathematically equivalent to assigning zero weight toothers. Dissent is rational to avoid being co-opted, but the cost ofdisensus may be the assignment of zero weight to others and theirrational reciprocation.     

老龄化社会中ICU的困境面面观

高龄、且长期罹患多种疾病的患者,病情一旦进展到必须接受有创机械通气的阶段,则康复机会极小,生存质量极差,不应划入急性可逆性范畴;而应转入社区医疗,加强现代健康观、死亡观教育,提供多种解决方案,不必一概纳入全方位支持监护系统,更不应常规给予有创机械通气、CRRT、亚低温治疗、肠内及肠外营养作为长期替代治疗。     

齐鲁文化的社会和谐思想

齐鲁文化作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分,蕴含着极为丰富的社会和谐思想。就其内容而言,主要表现为：一是重视社会的纲纪规范作用,主张通过持守礼义法度来建构和谐的社会秩序,保证社会的有序运行发展;二是强调民众在社会发展中的作用,主张通过实行保民爱民的为政方针,来实现社会的和谐运行。齐鲁文化关于社会和谐的思想,在中国传统社会和谐思想的丰富发展史中,具有重要的文化价值。     

红色的心理功能及作用机制

红色作为独特的知觉刺激,它不仅是视觉符号更是社会互动符号。红色心理功能的探索在近年来取得了巨大的进展。本文具体阐述了红色在成就、体育竞技以及两性关系情境中的心理功能,总结了红色心理功能的相关理论和解释。作者在回顾西方已有研究的同时,也总结了自身在红色心理功能中国化研究方面的探索。最后,本文提出在未来红色心理功能研究中,研究者应该关注对红色心理功能机制的探索和文化特异性的分析。     

Religion and civic engagement: the case of Iglesia ni Cristo in the Philippines

The Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) is one of the fastest-growing indigenous Christian churches in the world. They have an estimated membership of 2.25 million adherents in more than 100 countries. In recent years its civic engagements have expanded through bigger relief operations and charity dedicated to the poor and those affected by calamities. These initiatives are typically articulated in terms of unity, duty and obedience to God. This article gives attention to this expansion by spelling it out and explaining it in view of its newfound role in civil society. This is an important intervention in the literature. Studies on INC have mainly focused on its successes in the political and religious spheres. INC now repackages itself as a civic organisation, which cares about public welfare. My argument is that this is how it manifests its new triumphalism in the Philippines, but with implications on its expanding presence in civil society.     

Flanders and Helmand: chaplaincy,faith and religious change in the British Army, 1914–2014

Abstract

The year 2014 marked the centenary of the outbreak of the First World War and the end of eight years of major British combat operations in Afghanistan. Against the background of profound religious changes in British society over the course of the intervening century, this article examines the continuities and discontinuities between British army chaplaincy on the Western Front from 1914 to 1918 and in southern Afghanistan from 2006 to 2014, and explores the religious beliefs and practices of British soldiers caught up in the deadly and protracted struggles on the Western Front and in Helmand Province. While acknowledging major differences in the operational contexts involved and seismic shifts in British religious life over the course of the twentieth century, besides important divergences this article identifies striking degrees of continuity between the ministry of army chaplains and the religious attitude and behaviour of soldiers themselves.     

A Culture‐Inclusive,Socially Engaged Agenda for Creativity Research

The 50 years anniversary of The Journal of Creative Behavior offers a festive occasion to reflect on the recent history of the field as well as look toward its future. From the standpoint of sociocultural psychology, I celebrate the growing importance of society and culture within creativity research. However, I also note an important distinction between “social inside” and “social outside” approaches. A truly culture‐inclusive field would go beyond the view of culture as “container” and explore the ways in which sociocultural contexts actively participate in creativity. At the same time, it would examine how creative action, in turn, shapes society and culture, particularly at times of growing intolerance, nationalism, and inequality. A socially engaged agenda for creativity research is timely both conceptually and practically. Taken together, these two pillars could not only advance but also fundamentally transform our field, carrying it for the next 50 years and beyond.     

“泗县甲肝疫苗事件”的启示

安徽省泗县甲肝疫苗事件是一起罕见的群体性心因反应,造成了巨大的经济损失和不良的社会影响。通过分析这次事件的发生起因、进展过程和处理结果,我们认识到目前卫生技术人员和政府部门在应对突发性公共卫生事件上存在能力缺乏和经验不足,这给我们在认识事物、分析问题和科学决策上带来了深刻的启示。     

Towards the knowledge democracy? Knowledge production and the civic role of the university

In this paper I ask whether the University has a special role to play in democratic societies. I argue that the modern University can no longer lay claim to a research monopoly since nowadays research is conducted in many places outside of the University. The University can, however, still lay claim to a kind of knowledge monopoly which has to with the central role Universities play in the definition of what counts as scientific knowledge. The problem is, however, that the University’s knowledge monopoly is predominantly understood in epistemological terms. This leaves only one role for the University in a democratic society, viz., that of the expert. Based on ideas from John Dewey and Bruno Latour I suggest a different way to understand the distinction between ‘scientific’ and ‘everyday’ knowledge. Against this background I argue that the University can contribute towards the democratisation of knowledge if it articulates the difference between scientific and everyday knowledge in non-epistemological terms.