Ethical Calibration for an Intelligent Analysis Society

With the widespread application of data-driven intelligent technologies, data is increasingly used to record and influence the behavior of the world and people. Although the value rationality of dataism behind the dataization of the world has yet to be thoroughly analyzed, the new data analysis society which is characterized by an intelligent social form has quietly arrived. From a phenomenological point of view, the foundation of the operation and governance of a data analysis society is to analyze human behavior by using data and intelligent algorithms, but this kind of intelligent surveillance is speculative cognition, which may misread and improperly interfere with the agency of observed. There is an urgent need to set boundaries for possible technological abuse. At the same time, in view of the fact that data-driven social computing attempts to influence human behavior through the calculation of human behavior, the value of human behavior itself should be questioned as a problem to be solved. Further, in the face of the potential challenges of machine cognition and engineering thinking to human nature in the construction of an intelligent society, it is urgent to construct an ethical reflection arc that can restrict and correct its abuse.     

中小学教师职业生涯高原现象的特征及相关因素

对428名中小学教师的职业生涯高原现象及其影响因素进行调查,分析当前中小学教师职业生涯高原现象的特征,探索其形成的影响因素并编制了三个教师职业生涯高原影响因素量表,分别为职业情感量表、背景支持量表、社会压力量表。研究结果表明自编的三个教师职业生涯高原影响因素量表具有较好的信、效度;相关分析表明教师职业生涯高原与职业情感、背景支持、社会压力显著相关;回归模型的比较表明,教师的职业情感对教师职业生涯高原的形成影响最大,其次是社会压力、背景支持;教师职业情感在背景支持和社会压力对教师职业生涯高原形成的影响中起着部分中介的作用。     

Islamic religious education in Belgian state schools: a post-secular perspective

Abstract

Based on Habermas’ normative theory of religion in post-secular society, this article elaborates on the organisation of Islamic religious education (RE) in state schools. Hereto, a brief sketch of the Habermasian concepts of reflexive religion and complementary learning processes will be given. Subsequently, the author addresses the role of RE in post-secular society and applies these Habermasian concepts to confessional RE, with particular attention to Islamic RE in Belgium, where this subject is included as an optional subject in the state school curriculum since 1975, but where it is also criticised today, in particular with regard to content, teacher-training, textbooks, and inspection. These deficiencies will lead us to one of the main problems of Islamic RE and of confessional RE in general: the absence of state control. Based on Habermas’ ideas, the author concludes that it is up to the state to elucidate under which conditions confessional RE can be part of the regular curriculum, and to facilitate these conditions, by funding and co-organising teacher training, reviewing curricula and textbooks, formulating a ‘core curriculum’ and controlling teachers, for example. If these conditions have not been met, confessional RE should not be a part of the regular curriculum in a liberal state.     

The Spaces of Knowledge: Bertrand Russell,Logical Construction,and the Classification of the Sciences

What Russell regarded to be the ‘chief outcome’ of his 1914 Lowell Lectures at Harvard can only be fully appreciated, I argue, if one embeds the outcome back into the ‘classificatory problem’ that many at the time were heavily engaged in. The problem focused on the place and relationships between the newly formed or recently professionalized disciplines such as psychology, Erkenntnistheorie, physics, logic and philosophy. The prime metaphor used in discussions about the classificatory problem by British philosophers was a spatial one, with such motifs as ‘standpoints’, ‘place’ and ‘perspectives’ in the space of knowledge. In fact, Russell’s construction of a perspectival space of six-dimensions was meant precisely to be a timely solution to the widely discussed classificatory problem.     

Hilda Oakeley on Idealism,History and the Real Past

In the early twentieth century, Hilda Diana Oakeley (1867–1950) set out a new kind of British idealism. Oakeley is an idealist in the sense that she holds mind to actively contribute to the features of experience, but she also accepts that there is a world independent of mind. One of her central contributions to the idealist tradition is her thesis that minds construct our experiences using memory. This paper explores the theses underlying her idealism, and shows how they are intricately connected to the wider debates of her period. I go on to explain how the parts of Oakeley's idealism are connected to further areas of her thought – specifically, her views on history and her growing block theory of time – to provide a sense of Oakeley's philosophy as a system. As there is no existing literature on Oakeley, this paper aims to open a path for further scholarship.     

Participatory Policy-Making,Participatory Civil Society: A Key for Dissolving Elite Rule in New Democracies in the Era of Globalization

The author argues that in democracies a strong state and strong civil society are not mutually exclusive. Only a democratic, legitimate, and strong state can provide the environment for civil society activities to flourish; in return, only a strong and a participatory civil society can outline the reach of state strength vis-à-vis the society. The author discusses the need for civil society organizations to collaborate with policy-making institutions, in which they can negotiate policy concerns with ministers and officials while retaining an independent distance from the state and the political parties. Further, the author argues that an environment as such would provide for the transformative capacity of human agency to manifest itself in full in a globalizing world. The author discusses how participatory state and civil society structures will enhance the role of the human agency in order to dissolve elite rule, especially in new democracies.     

互联网成瘾问题的研究现状与展望

过度使用互联网将影响使用者的身心健康 ,从而导致互联网成瘾。作者根据现有文献对互联网成瘾的概念、诊断以及影响因素作了简要总结 ,介绍了互联网成瘾的现有治疗技术 ,并提出了该领域未来的研究方向和重点问题     

社会发展过程中城市老年人心理适应的柏林智慧范式研究

基于智慧显义理论,对社会发展过程中我国城市老年人的心理适应进行柏林智慧范式研究。在对上海市社区老年人(n=247)进行社会发展相关典型现实生活问题的随机抽样调查的基础上,遴选三种问题情境,通过结构性晤谈采集老年人(n=65)应对这些问题的认知-行为反应,对晤谈记录进行五个维度的评价,并且考察评价结果与生活满意度的关系。研究结果表明,受访老年人中多数表现出中度的心理适应水平,心理适应较好者具有较高的生活满意度。本研究采用的测评方式具有符合心理测量学要求的信度和效度。本研究对于生活在现代社会的城市老年人的成功老龄化心理适应辅导工作具有重要的指导意义,也有助于进一步开展成功老龄化的跨文化研究。     

论学习化社会建构的心理学基础——基于埃里克森的理论

埃里克森的人格发展理论认为人的发展是阶段性的,如果个体某个阶段没有发展好,还可以在后面的阶段进行补偿性发展,而且人格的形成是生理、心理和社会等因素交互作用的结果。因此,个体的发展需要在学习时间和学习资源这两个维度上进行扩展,也就说我们必须建立学习化社会。