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191.
近十年来,尺寸匹配误差作为年幼儿童生活中的一种常见的尺寸误用现象逐渐受到了一些研究者的关注。现有研究主要集中在尺寸匹配误差的特点、出现频率和产生原因等方面。抑制控制的失败、神经通路的协调失败、“计划-控制”模型和“感觉-行动”模型、功能性推理偏好以及身体意识发展的不成熟等观点能够对某些类型的尺寸匹配误差现象做出解释。未来的研究应从进一步深入探讨尺寸匹配误差与假装的区别、完善研究方法以及跨文化研究的开展几方面进行。 相似文献
192.
Shanahan D 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2008,42(1):6-19
Linguistic theory since the Cognitive Revolution has followed one of the premises of that revolution by largely sidelining
the issue of emotions and concentrating on those aspects of language that are more strictly cognitive. However, during the
last two decades research in cognitive science, especially in neuropsychology, has begun to fill in the gaps left by the exclusion
of emotions from cognitive research. This article proposes a model for applying the fruits of this new research in emotion
to our understanding of language itself. Building on Karl Pribram`s integrated model of emotions and motivations, the presentation
it offers a propositional explanation for how the emotions may have contributed to the emergence of symbolic formation and,
ultimately, to every aspect of language from lexis to literature.
Daniel Shanahan is Professor of Communication at the Humanities Faculty of Charles University in Prague. He previously served on the faculties of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales in Paris and the Monterey Institute of International Studies in California. His Language, Feeling and the Brain: The Evocative Vector has just been published by Transaction Publishers. He is on the Editorial Board of Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences. 相似文献
Daniel ShanahanEmail: |
Daniel Shanahan is Professor of Communication at the Humanities Faculty of Charles University in Prague. He previously served on the faculties of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales in Paris and the Monterey Institute of International Studies in California. His Language, Feeling and the Brain: The Evocative Vector has just been published by Transaction Publishers. He is on the Editorial Board of Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences. 相似文献
193.
Seeing is believing: the effect of brain images on judgments of scientific reasoning 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Brain images are believed to have a particularly persuasive influence on the public perception of research on cognition. Three experiments are reported showing that presenting brain images with articles summarizing cognitive neuroscience research resulted in higher ratings of scientific reasoning for arguments made in those articles, as compared to articles accompanied by bar graphs, a topographical map of brain activation, or no image. These data lend support to the notion that part of the fascination, and the credibility, of brain imaging research lies in the persuasive power of the actual brain images themselves. We argue that brain images are influential because they provide a physical basis for abstract cognitive processes, appealing to people's affinity for reductionistic explanations of cognitive phenomena. 相似文献
194.
Joan Elizabeth Neville King Thomas H. Ollendick Eleonora Gullone Bruce Tonge Shaun Watson 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2006,19(2):151-163
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a heterogeneous and distressing problem for many children and youth. This review focuses on the etiology and maintenance of SAD, and examines research findings in several key areas of investigation: genetic or hereditary factors (twin and family studies), temperament characteristics (behavioural inhibition), and parent–child interactions (attachment, parenting styles). It is concluded that genetic influences, behavioural inhibition, and parent–child interactions play significant and interactive roles in the development and maintenance of SAD. Other influences such as peer relationships, social skills deficits, and traumatic experiences are also acknowledged. Ultimately, an understanding of such pathways should facilitate effective early screening and intervention of children at risk for severe social anxiety. 相似文献
195.
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197.
Fetal alcohol syndrome and the developing socio-emotional brain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Niccols A 《Brain and cognition》2007,65(1):135-142
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is currently recognized as the most common known cause of mental retardation, affecting from 1 to 7 per 1000 live-born infants. Individuals with FAS suffer from changes in brain structure, cognitive impairments, and behavior problems. Researchers investigating neuropsychological functioning have identified deficits in learning, memory, executive functioning, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and poor communication and social skills in individuals with FAS and fetal alcohol effects (FAE). Investigators using autopsy and brain imaging methods have identified microcephaly and structural abnormalities in various regions of the brain (including the basal ganglia, corpus callosum, cerebellum, and hippocampus) that may account for the neuropsychological deficits. Results of studies using newer brain imaging and analytic techniques have indicated specific alterations (i.e., displacements in the corpus callosum, increased gray matter density in the perisylvian regions, altered gray matter asymmetry, and disproportionate reductions in the frontal lobes) in the brains of individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol, and their relations with brain function. Future research, including using animal models, could help inform our knowledge of brain-behavior relations in the context of prenatal alcohol exposure, and assist with early identification and intervention. 相似文献
198.
Hamberger MJ 《Neuropsychology review》2007,17(4):477-489
One challenge in dominant hemisphere epilepsy surgery is to remove sufficient epileptogenic tissue to achieve seizure freedom
without compromising postoperative language function. Electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) of language was developed specifically
to identify essential language cortex in pharmacologically intractable epilepsy patients undergoing left hemisphere resection
of epileptogenic cortex. Surprisingly, the procedure remains unstandardized, and limited data support its clinical validity.
Nevertheless, ESM for language mapping has likely minimized postoperative language decline in numerous patients, and has generated
a wealth of data elucidating brain–language relations. This article reviews the literature on topographical patterns of language
organization inferred from ESM, and the influence of patient characteristics on these patterns, including baseline ability
level, age, gender, pathology, degree of language lateralization and bilingualism. Questions regarding clinical validity and
limitations of ESM are discussed. Finally, recommendations for clinical practice are presented, and theoretical questions
regarding ESM and the findings it has generated are considered. 相似文献
199.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the learning-related changes in brain activation induced by the training of hypothesis generation skills regarding biological phenomena. Eighteen undergraduate participants were scanned twice with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after training over a period of 2 months. The experimental group underwent eight biological hypothesis generation training programs, but the control group was not given any during the 2-month period. The results showed that the left frontal gyri, the cingulate gyrus, and the cuneus were activated during hypothesis generation. In addition, the brain activation of the trained group increased in the left inferior and the superior frontal gyri, which are related to working memory load and higher-order inferential processes. However, the activation after training decreased in the occipito-parietal route, which is associated with the perception and the analysis processes of visual information. Furthermore, the results have suggested that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) region is the critical area in the training of hypothesis generation skills. 相似文献
200.
Motor disorders are a frequent consequence of acquired brain injury (ABI) in children and much effort is currently invested in alleviating these deficits. The aim of the present study was to test motor imagery (MI) capabilities in children with ABI (n=25) and an age- and gender-matched control group (n=25). A computerized Virtual Radial Fitts Task (VRFT) was used to investigate the speed-accuracy trade-offs (or Fitts' law) that occur as target size is varied for both executed and imagined performance. In the control group, the speed for accuracy trade-off for both executed and imagined performance conformed to Fitts' law. In the ABI group, only executed movements conformed to Fitts' law. These findings suggest that children with ABI show an inferior ability to imagine the time needed to complete goal-directed movements with differential difficulty levels. 相似文献