循证医学对肝移植患者心理治疗应用

采用循证医学方法,通过计算机检索Pubmed和CNKI有关肝移植与心理学的文章,对肝移植患者术前和术后心理不同特点进行总结,制定心理干预措施。以便在临床工作中为患者进行合理的心理指导,从而提高肝移植患者健康水平和生活质量。     

针刺作用四大规律的统一与现代针灸学理论的发展

探求事物的内在联系或内在统一性是科学活动的重要目标。针刺作用的四大规律：针刺作用的双向调节规律、针刺手法作用的基本规律、针刺时间作用的基本规律、针刺作用的时效规律,其所涉及的影响因素各不相同,但这四大作用规律在“机能状态”这个基本环节获得了统一。     

Empowering Community Settings: Agents of Individual Development, Community Betterment, and Positive Social Change

The pathways and processes through which empowering community settings influence their members, the surrounding community and the larger society are examined. To generate the proposed pathways and processes, a broad range of studies of community settings were reviewed, in the domains of adult well-being, positive youth development, locality development, and social change. A set of organizational characteristics and associated processes leading to member empowerment across domains were identified, as well as three pathways through which empowering settings in each domain contribute to community betterment and positive social change. The paper concludes with an examination of the ways that community psychology and allied disciplines can help increase the number and range of empowering settings, and enhance the community and societal impact of existing ones. Based on SCRA Distinguished Contribution to Theory and Research Award Address: Pasadena, CA, June 8, 2007.     

The borderline empathy effect: Do high BPD individuals have greater empathic ability? Or are they just more difficult to “read”?

Clinical psychologists have suggested that patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are unusually accurate at “reading” other people. We investigated this claim by obtaining measures of trait accuracy and empathic accuracy in 38 same-sex dyads, each composed of one high BPD and one low BPD member. At first glance, the results suggested that the high borderline dyad members displayed both better trait accuracy and better empathic accuracy. Additional analyses revealed, however, that these effects were instead a consequence of the high BPD participants having more unusual, harder-to-predict personalities and more difficult-to-infer thoughts and feelings than those of their low BPD counterparts. We conclude that the relative empathic advantage displayed by high BPD individuals does not reflect greater ability; instead, they are simply more difficult to “read” than low BPD individuals are.     

Borderline personality disorder features and cognitive,emotional, and predicted behavioral reactions to teasing

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) involves interpersonal dysfunction. It is unknown to what extent these problems are due to perceptual biases, emotional reactivity, or impulsivity above and beyond emotional reactions. The present study experimentally tested these mechanisms in the context of predicted reactions to teasing. Participants completed the Personality Assessment Inventory-Borderline Features scale [PAI-BOR; Morey, L. C. (1991). Personality assessment inventory: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources], and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire [Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (1996). Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 1327–1343], and imagined a scenario that involved teasing. Participants rated the teaser and their own predicted emotional and behavioral reactions. Analysis of Covariance results indicated that individuals who endorsed more BPD features showed elevated emotional reactions and predicted behavioral reactions to teasing, but not perceptual biases. Ratings of predicted behavioral responses could be accounted for by emotional responses, supporting the emotional reactivity perspectives of BPD [Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford].     

Designing volunteers’ tasks to maximize motivation,satisfaction and performance: The impact of job characteristics on volunteer engagement

We conducted a field study to test the applicability of the job characteristics model (JCM) in volunteer organizations and examine the impact of job characteristics on volunteer motivation, satisfaction and intent to quit, as well as test a measure of volunteer performance. One hundred and twenty-four volunteers completed measures of job characteristics, motivation, satisfaction, and intent to quit. Supervisors rated volunteer task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). Results showed that job characteristics were related to volunteers’ autonomous motivation, satisfaction and performance. Autonomous motivation acted as a mediator in the relationship between job characteristics and satisfaction. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

大学生自我同一性状态与人格特征的相关研究

文章探讨了大学生自我同一性状态与人格变量之间的关系。通过相关分析发现,不同的自我同一性状态与不同的人格特征相联系,呈现不同的人格特征,四种自我同一性状态在每一人格维度上存在一定的差异,尤其是在成熟、高级的自我同一性和低级的自我同一性之间人格特征的差异更大。研究进一步证明自我同一性的形成是大学生发展追求的核心主题,它标志着人格的完善。     

愿景式领导的关键特征研究

本研究调查了企业管理人员对愿景式领导关键特征的不同认识。对调查结果进行的因素分析表明,受调查者主要强调的是以下六个因素：分析决断、学习总结、机会意识、战略前瞻、勤奋务实和关注现实。他们在判断这些因素时存在性别差异。     

叙事时间表征的特点研究

叙事时间表征是时间心理学研究中有重要意义的研究领域,但迄今为止国内外对此尚未有系统研究。本文在概述这方面相关研究的基础上,提出了一些关于叙事时间表征特点的假没,以便为今后这方面的时间心理学研究提供线索。     

ART临床应用伦理调控的特点

解决ART应用中引发的伦理问题、难题的基本对策之一是加强医学伦理调控 ,推进医学伦理精神对医学过程的渗入 ,ART医疗机构伦理委员会是医学伦理调控体制化的表现和实现这种调控的重要途径 ,它以特定的主体形式和审查、咨询、教育、督查、建议等活动方式 ,形成对调控对象某种监督的客观效果。