Social identity, status characteristics and social networks: Predictors of advice seeking in a manufacturing facility

In the sociological tradition, status characteristics and patterns of interpersonal relations within a social network are considered important in explaining organizational behaviour (e.g. influence, cooperation). In the social identity tradition, perceptions of shared psychological group membership and group prototypicality are considered important in explaining many of the same organizational behaviours. The present paper explores core variables within each of these perspectives as predictors of advice seeking among supervisors in a manufacturing facility. Dyadic measures of group assignment are found to better predict advice seeking than measures taken at the individual level. Identification with work groups predicted advice seeking from those perceived to be in the same group, and also from structural equivalents. Implications for theory and further research are discussed.     

微表情的特征、识别、训练和影响因素

微表情是人压抑的真实情绪的泄露, 时间约为1/25~1/2 s, 常出现在说谎情境, 可能源于椎体束运动系统控制的自主面部运动和椎体束外运动系统控制的非自主面部运动的“拔河比赛”。已有研究构建了微表情数据库, 开发了BART和JACBART等微表情识别测验以及METT训练, 并探讨了微表情识别及训练与认知、人格、文化、职业等的关系。但这些研究考察的中性表情背景下微表情只是镶嵌在各表情背景下真实微表情的特例, 生态程度不高; 少量研究探索了表情背景对微表情识别的影响但未建立标准测验。未来应开发生态化微表情识别标准测验和训练, 尝试跨越微表情发生和识别的界限, 并采用生理−心理、电生理和脑成像技术探索其机制。     

论现象学心理学的理论特征

现象学心理学将现象学哲学落实到心理学中,反对自然科学心理学的自然主义主张,以维护心理现象的原本面目为己任,成为一种激进的人文科学心理学。其理论特征表现为：严格的现象学哲学观;激进的人文科学观;鲜明的生活面向观;独特的意向性心理本质观;坚实的质性研究观;批判的价值负载观。     

论心理学发展的困境与出路

近年来西方心理学家对心理学发展取向提出强烈批评。综合各家所论,心理学以往发展的困境乃是由于：(1)自哲学心理学到科学心理学对人性解释的理论始终纷歧,以致无法形成常规科学条件;(2)科学心理学自始即标榜自然科学而缺独立意识;(3)强调科学方法,忽视人性特质而陷入削足适履困境。因此,今后国内心理学的发展势不能再全盘西化,而应在人性特质与本土文化基础上吸取西方心理学精义,针对国人心理特质研究发展出属於自己的理论与应用心理学。本文最后提出的四会能力教学构想,希望对本土文化取向应用心理学的研究发挥一点抛砖引玉作用。     

初中学生攻击行为的心理特征测量

本研究通过对浙江省和福建省16所中学的464名被试的调查和测量,构建了初中学生攻击行为的心理特征量表并进行了验证型和诊断型的效度检验,研究结果表明,（1）该量表具有较好的信度和效度;（2）行为、认知、情绪和言语是测量攻击行为的心理特征的良好指标;（3）同学提名法与教师评价法具有较高的鉴别力;（4）问卷自评的鉴别力尚有待改进。     

新手-熟手-专家型教师成就目标定向与人格特征的研究

本研究采用量表法考察三种类型教师成就目标定向与人格特征的特点。结果表明 ,与普通成人相比 ,我国中学教师比较外倾 ,精神质水平更高。三种类型教师在任务目标上存在显著性差异 ,新手型教师的任务目标水平显著低于熟手型教师 ;而在成绩目标上 ,不存在显著性差异。新手型教师在精神质维度上与熟手型教师存在显著性差异 ,其精神质水平显著低于熟手型教师 ,熟手型教师在神经质维度上与专家型教师存在显著性差异 ,其神经质水平显著低于专家型教师 ,神经质水平高是专家型教师典型的人格特征。     

儿童精细动作能力的发展及与其学业成绩的关系

研究了不同精细动作能力的发展、之间的内在联系及其与儿童学业成绩的关系。被试为151名4－8岁儿童以及30名本科生。精细动作能力的测查包括线条填画任务、图形临摹任务以及筷子技能测验。结果发现：（1）不同精细动作能力的发展速度从高到低依次为线条填画能力、图形临摹能力和筷子使用技能;（2）筷子使用技能与线条填画、图形临摹能力都显著相关,线条填画能力和年龄对筷子使用技能具有显著预测作用;（3）不同学业成绩儿童在各类精细动作能力上都存在显著差异。本研究说明,较基本的精细动作能力是复杂工具性技能发展的基础,同时在小学低年级阶段,儿童的精细动作能力与其学习活动之间存在密切联系。     

123例青年出血性脑卒中的影像学特点及病因分析

青年出血性脑卒中的早期诊断和及早发现病因对临床治疗方案的选择有着极其重要的作用。本文收集了123例青年出血性脑卒中患者,对其影像学特点及病因进行了回顾性分析。青年出血性脑卒中通过CT或MRI可以确诊,其最主要的病因是高血压病,其次是颅内动脉瘤和动静脉畸形。     

Implementation of outpatient schema therapy for borderline personality disorder with versus without crisis support by the therapist outside office hours: A randomized trial

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the success of implementing outpatient schema focused therapy (ST) for borderline patients in regular mental healthcare and to determine the added value of therapist telephone availability outside office hours in case of crisis (TTA).

Methods

To enhance the implementation, the following adaptations regarding the original ST protocol were applied: a reduction in the frequency and duration of the therapy; training therapists of eight regular healthcare centers in ST with a structured and piloted program supported by a set of films (DVDs) with examples of ST techniques; training and supervision given by Dutch experts. Telephone availability outside office hours was randomly allocated to 50% of the therapists of each treatment center. Patient's outcome measures were assessed with a semi-structured interview and self-report measures on BPD, quality of life, general psychopathology and an ST questionnaire, before, during and after treatment.

Results

Data on 62 DSM-IV defined BPD patients were available. Intention-to-treat analyses showed that after 1.5 years of ST 42% of the patients had recovered from BPD.No added value of therapist telephone availability (TTA) was found on the BPDSI score nor on any other measure after 1.5 years of ST.

Conclusions

ST for BPD can be successfully implemented in regular mental healthcare. Treatment results and dropout were comparable to a previous clinical trail. No additional effect of extra crisis support with TTA outside office hours ST was found.     

Youth and Trauma: Terror,War, Murder,Incest, Rape,and Suicide

College students in the United States post-9/11 face a different world than did their predecessors. In short vignettes this article reveals some of the numerous traumas that have been reported in a full-service counseling center at a small state university. Exploration of the impact of traumas past and present is interwoven with commentary on the impact of systems dynamics. A brief theoretical exploration is included of post-trauma resilience and the ongoing sense of threat that many traumatized persons experience.