Skultety's Categories of Competition – A Competing Conceptualisation?

A recent article in this journal attempts to link categories of sport competition to appropriate psychologies of participants in the different sorts of competition. It criticises accounts of competition which understand it in relation to a very restricted range of psychologies because the purposes and psychologies with which people enter and engage in competition vary enormously. So, taking as a starting point a consensus view among sport philosophers of the key conditions governing competition, work is undertaken to identify fundamental distinctions drawing from the conditions, which are said to result in a fourfold typology of competitions. The final step is to suggest psychologies most suited to the components of the typology. My article examines this project and produces reasons to doubt its success.     

Sport-Based Life Skills Programming in the Schools

SUMMARY

The philosophy of sport and physical activity being readily available for all youth has a long history. Research suggests that sport is a significant factor in the development of adolescents' self-esteem, identity and feelings of competence. Using sport to promote competence in youth has tremendous benefits and risks. The greatest risk is the belief held by many that we can make a difference by just ‘throwing the ball and letting them play.’ This paper will focus on the role that sport can play in facilitating positive youth development. We delineate the environments in which sport best contributes to positive youth development and the role schools, and the psychologists who work in these schools, can play in this process. In addition, we will provide examples of several sport-based programs designed to enhance positive development, the components that make these programs successful and issues related to the design, implementation and evaluation of these programs.     

Understanding concussion in socio-cultural context: A media analysis of a National Hockey League star's concussion

ObjectivesSport psychology researchers have yet to explore the socio-cultural context of concussion. The aim with this study was to explore the contribution of one socio-cultural context (i.e., sport media) toward understanding the construction of meaning(s) of a sport celebrity's concussion and the implications for sport psychology.DesignA qualitative approach was used to explore concussion as a socio-cultural issue shaped by cultural narratives (i.e., news media). The meanings and implications for how sport concussion is understood and “constructed” through a key media incident were of interest.MethodAn ethnographic content analysis (see Altheide, 1996) of the mediation of the National Hockey League's (NHL) star player Sidney Crosby's concussion from January 1, 2011 (when the concussion occurred) to June 30, 2011 (end of the NHL season) was undertaken on North American news data.ResultsThe ethnographic content analysis of 68 articles revealed that Crosby's concussion and its associated meanings were constructed within a central narrative: a culture of risk and its impact on athletes. Multiple meanings of concussion within the risk narrative emerged depending on three sub-narratives: (a) Crosby's concussion as a cautionary tale, (b) Crosby's concussion as a political platform, and (c) concussion as ambiguous.ConclusionsThe culture of risk narrative raises awareness of the physical risks, physiological effects and the politics of concussion. These cultural meanings do not acknowledge/include the psychological implications/effects of concussion. This study furthers understandings of sport concussion within a socio-cultural context.     

Teorías del proceso creador: revisión y perspectiva

RESUMEN

En los últimos 30 años se han realizado cientos de investigaciones sobre el tema de la creatividad. En el mismo periodo, se han propuesto numerosas teorías de la creatividad en todos los campos. En este artículo se revisa la literatura sobre las teorías de la creatividad. Sorprendentemente, se han localizado pocos intentos serios de perfilar las diversa teorías y analizarlas. También se han encontrado algunas teorías recientes que, aunque no muy conocidas, son de interés general para las personas que quieran estar al día de la literatura sobre este tema. Las metas de este artículo, son presentar una revisión amplia y razonable de las teorías del proceso creador en la ciencia, centrándose en aquellas teorías más elaboradas.     

Neurofisiología de la alimentación: su incidencia en la obesidad común (I)

Resumen

En este estudio revisamos y valoramos las distintas explicaciones etiológicas de la obesidad común, que de alguna manera se fundamentan en principios neurofisiológicos. Entre otras, se estudian las influencias del proceso metabólico, del tejido adiposo, de la herencia genética y, en especial, del «arco reflejo alimentario». Se evidencia la limitación que supone una perspectiva radicalmente organicísta para la comprensión de la obesidad, que en la inmensa mayoría de casos necesita del soporte psicosocial.     

Procesamiento de información en la esquizofrenia: hacia una interpretación alternativa

RESUMEN

En el presente trabajo aceptamos el reto que implica adoptar un pensamiento proposicional y, en consecuencia, presentamos, en primer lugar, evidencia de que los esquizofrénicos parecen tener una ejecución deficiente en multitud de tareas cognitivas que ha sido interpretada en función de un déficit en una fase específica del procesamiento; en la segunda parte, reformulamos tales déficits en términos de lo que para un buen número de investigadores constituye el problema central, esto es, el déficit atencional; a continuación cuestionamos también el propio déficit atencional en favor de un desorden en el arousal para, finalmente, proponer un interpretación de la esquizofrenia a la luz del enfoque de los “Modelos del Actuación en el Mundo”.     

Gender Role Orientation of Athletes and Nonathletes in a Patriarchal Society: A Study in Turkey

The purpose of this study was to compare the gender role orientation and gender role classification of female and male athletes to those of their nonathlete counterparts. A total of 463 athletes and 378 nonathletes completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory. The findings indicated that athletes score higher on the masculinity and femininity subscales than do nonathletes. Men had higher scores on masculinity than did women, whereas women had higher scores on femininity than did men. In addition, both men and women athletes were mostly classified in the androgynous category. These findings are discussed in relation to the competitive sport environment and Turkish society.     

Jungian theory of dreaming and contemporary dream research – findings from the research project ‘Structural Dream Analysis’

The research method ‘Structural Dream Analysis’ (SDA) is described which allows for systematic and objective analysis of the meaning of dreams produced by patients in Jungian psychotherapies. The method focuses especially on the relationship between the dream ego and other figures in the dream and the extent of activity of the dream ego. Five major dream patterns were identified which accounted for the majority of the dreams. The clients’ dream series were dominated by one or two repetitive patterns which were closely connected to the psychological problems of the dreamers. Additionally, typical changes in the dream series’ patterns could be identified which corresponded with therapeutic change. These findings support Jung's theory of dreams as providing a holistic image of the dreamer’s psyche, including unconscious aspects. The implications for different psychoanalytic theories of dreaming and dream interpretation are discussed as well as implications for the continuity hypothesis.     

Analytic attitude – focus or embodiment? Subtle communications in the transference/countertransference relationship

The paper considers a ‘befallment’ that occurred in the course of analysis at a time when the focus of work was too much at a conscious level, dissociated from the patient’s embodied and visceral depths. A rigidly held attitude of focal attention is considered as potentially a defence against embodied experiences of overwhelm and vulnerability that may haunt shadowy realms which remain unlit by the narrow beam of conscious awareness. Rather as a dream drifts in from the unconscious, an enactment by the analyst brought neglected aspects of the transference and countertransference relationship into the room. Later, the patient’s own dreaming mind offered images that suggested an underlying dynamic. These subtle communications, alongside the patient’s attitude toward the analyst’s lapse, are considered as factors in the achievement of greater embodied integration. The analyst’s difficulty in arriving at a formulation of such events is discussed, along with the necessity of holding such ‘befallments’ in mind over long periods of time before any explanation can be adumbrated.