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121.
This paper is concerned with the reasons for the emergence and dominance of analytic philosophy in America. It closely examines the contents of, and changing editors at, The Philosophical Review, and provides a perspective on the contents of other leading philosophy journals. It suggests that analytic philosophy emerged prior to the 1950s in an environment characterized by a rich diversity of approaches to philosophy and that it came to dominate American philosophy at least in part due to its effective promotion by The Philosophical Review’s editors. Our picture of mid-twentieth-century American philosophy is different from existing ones, including those according to which the prominence of analytic philosophy in America was basically a matter of the natural affinity between American philosophy and analytic philosophy and those according to which the political climate at the time was hostile towards non-analytic approaches. Furthermore, our reconstruction suggests a new perspective on the nature of 1950s analytic philosophy. 相似文献
122.
Gender role development was assessed in 52 father-absent and 54 father-present African American adolescents. Father-present
boys, especially those from lower-income backgrounds, had higher perceptions of their masculinity than did father-absent boys.
Lower income father-absent girls perceived themselves to be higher in masculinity than did all other girls. Consequently,
father-present adolescents tended to have more traditional gender role orientations than did those in father-absent homes.
It is argued that mothers' and fathers' different socializing strategies balance out in two-parent homes. However, in father-absent
homes, mothers' tendency to rely on and pressure their daughters fosters relatively more masculine girls, whereas a lack of
father socialization fosters less masculine boys. Implications for theory and future research are also discussed. 相似文献
123.
The institutional sources of articles published between 1992 and 2002 in five major family therapy journals—the American Journal of Family Therapy, Contemporary Family Therapy, Family Process, Journal of Family Psychology, and the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy were reviewed. Noteworthy similarities and differences as compared to earlier reviews were found. While no single institution dominated in numbers of publications, six of the top 10 institutions found between 1980 and 1995 were also found to be within the top 10 most productive institutions between 1992 and 2002. Patterns and changes in contributions from international sources, as well as from institutions with a COAMFTE-accredited program are discussed. Contributions from private practitioners and clinicians are also addressed. 相似文献
124.
Velma M. Murry Beth A. Kotchick Scyatta Wallace Bethany Ketchen Kenya Eddings Laurie Heller Ida Collier 《Journal of child and family studies》2004,13(1):81-99
We present an overview of research on African American families and emphasize in this discussion limitations of approaches used in the past to study African American families. We also discuss and identify challenges for designing and implementing community, family-based programs targeting competence-promoting behaviors in African American families. In addition, we attempt to accomplish the following objectives: (1) identify themes in studies of African American families, including bias in prior research; (2) discuss ways in which prior approaches and conceptual models guiding studies of African Americans have created challenges for the development and implementation of community-based intervention and research programs; and (3) present the Parents Matter! Program as an example of a community-based prevention effort that attempted to overcome many of the challenges created by prior research efforts. 相似文献
125.
Carmen E. Flores-Mendoza Marco Antnio Silva Alvarenga
scar Herrero Francisco Jos Abad 《Personality and individual differences》2008,45(7):584-590
The present study examines the reliability, factor structure, and criterion-related validity of Hare (2003) Revised Psychopathy Checklist [PCL-R] in a Latin American forensic context. Brazilian male inmates (124) were administered the PCL-R, along with relevant subscales of an inventory of normal personality [Personality Factorial Inventory], an intelligence scale [Standard Progressive Matrices], and a semi-structured interview based in DSM IV. Criminal offence records were obtained from prison files. Several theoretical factorial structures for the PCL-R were tested and compared. A bifactor model with three factors, one general factor reflecting the overlap across all items, and two independent subfactors reflecting the unique covariation among particular groups of items, shows the better fit. Overall scores on the PCL-R correlated with the number of criminal offenses committed by participants. No significant correlations were found between PCL-R scores and personality or intelligence measures. It was concluded that the PCL-R is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of psychopathy in the Brazilian male forensic population. 相似文献
126.
Vernon-Feagans L Pancsofar N Willoughby M Odom E Quade A Cox M;The Family Life Key Investigators 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2008,29(3):213-226
This study investigated the contribution of child characteristics and parenting environment to the relationship between family SES/demographic characteristics and maternal language to infants. 1157 children were drawn from a representative sample of 1292 infants born to mothers in rural Appalachian counties and rural counties in southern minority U.S. communities. Mothers and their 6–8 month old babies were videotaped at home while talking about a wordless picture book. Mothers' language output and complexity were analyzed. Child temperament, age, and parenting environment (knowledge of child development and observed mother–child engagement) were predictors of maternal language. Furthermore, their inclusion reduced the magnitude of the association between demographic characteristics and maternal language. Tests of mediation suggested that the parenting environment partially mediates the relationship between SES/demographic characteristics and maternal language. Findings are discussed with respect to identifying proximal processes that explain how SES may exert its influence on the language of young children. 相似文献
127.
Francine Conway Carol Magai Carolyn Springer Samuel C. Jones 《Journal of research in personality》2008
This study examines the role of personality in predicting psychological and physical health among grandmothers who are coping with a non-normative non-traumatic stressor, i.e. serving as primary caregivers for their grandchildren. Using the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), a measure of personality disposition, we examine the contributions of both optimism and pessimism to health outcomes. ANOVAs and regression analyses of the LOT-R and self reports of health in 67 African American and Latino grandmothers revealed psychological (obsessive compulsive symptoms, depression, hostility) and physical (sleep disorder, hypertension) health outcomes are differentially predicted by optimism and pessimism among older and younger age-groups of grandmothers. Implications for grandmothers’ response to caregiving stress and for future studies of personality’s relation to health are discussed. 相似文献
128.
Karen B. Grothe Jamie S. Bodenlos Dori Whitehead Jake Olivier Phillip J. Brantley 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(2):163-169
The current study examined social support and stress as mediators of the hostility—coronary heart disease (CHD) relationship
as suggested by the psychosocial vulnerability model in a sample of low-income African Americans. Among 95 CHD patients and
30 healthy controls, hostility was negatively correlated with social support, but was not related to minor stress. CHD patients
endorsed higher levels of hostility; however, the relationship between hostility and CHD status was diminished once stress
and social support were included in the model. This study lends partial support for the psychosocial vulnerability model of
hostility in African Americans, but suggests that the relationship between hostility and stress may be impacted by socioeconomic
status. 相似文献
129.
A review of race socialization within Black families 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
130.
《Behavior Therapy》2022,53(6):1077-1091
Black adults with anxiety and/or depressive disorders underutilize outpatient psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment compared to White adults. Notably, anxiety and depressive disorders tend to be chronic and Black individuals with these disorders experience greater functional impairment than White individuals. Documented racial disparities in mental health treatment initiation indicate a need for research that addresses culture-specific barriers to treatment. This review paper critically evaluates existing theoretical models of treatment seeking among Black adults to inform a novel integrated, culturally contextualized model. This model extends previous ones by incorporating factors relevant to treatment seeking among Black adults (e.g., racial identity, perceived discrimination, medical mistrust) and critically examines how these factors intersect with key factors at three levels of influence of the treatment seeking process: the individual level, the community level, and the societal level. We posit interactions among factors at the three levels of influence and how these may impact treatment seeking decisions among Black adults. This model informs suggestions for enhancing interventions designed to support outpatient service use among Black adults. 相似文献