全文获取类型
收费全文 | 601篇 |
免费 | 66篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 27篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 33篇 |
2017年 | 36篇 |
2016年 | 16篇 |
2015年 | 20篇 |
2014年 | 23篇 |
2013年 | 128篇 |
2012年 | 19篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 23篇 |
2008年 | 23篇 |
2007年 | 48篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 18篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有686条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
221.
The disciplines of cybernetics, semiotics and thermodynamics investigate evolutionary processes quite independently from each other. The aim of this paper is to draw the parallels and point out the possibility and necessity of a reconciliation between these disciplines. The concept of metasystem transition has been proposed by Turchin as a quantum of evolution from a cybernetic point of view. Semiotic processes are of prime importance for the realisation of metasystem transitions in the course of evolution. From a thermodynamic point of view, the emergence of more complex, self-producing agents depends on the emergence of more advanced forms of semiosis. As an evolutionary consequence, more symbolic forms of semiosis that allow higher competence for abstraction and anticipation emerge. 相似文献
222.
Karl E. Peters 《Zygon》2005,40(3):701-720
Abstract. In my response to the comments of Charley Hardwick, Ann Pederson, and Greg Peterson, I continue the narrative, confessional mode of my writing in Dancing with the Sacred. First, I sketch some methodological decisions underlying my naturalistic, evolutionary, practical theology. I then respond to the encouraging suggestions of my commentators by further developing my ideas about naturalism, mystery, creativity as God, the place of ecological responsibility in my thinking, sin, and eschatology. I offer suggestions as to how I might widen the practical applications of my theology beyond environmental and medical ethics to other areas of moral responsibility in relation to the creative process. I do all this with much appreciation for the care and careful critical reflection that my commentators have devoted to my thinking. 相似文献
223.
TRANSCENDENTALISM OR EMPIRICISM? A DISCUSSION OF A PROBLEM RAISED IN E. O. WILSON'S BOOK CONSILIENCE
Rudolf Brun 《Zygon》2005,40(3):769-778
Abstract. E. O. Wilson writes that the “choice between transcendentalism and empiricism” is this century's “version of the struggle for men's soul” (1998, 240). The transcendentalist argues for theism—that there is a God, a creator of the world. The empiricist instead makes the point that the notion of God, including morality and ethics, are adaptive structures of human evolution. Before entering the debate of the transcendentalist/empiricist controversy I analyze how things exist and suggest that all that is exists as united diversity, as identity in difference. I argue that oneness by itself is intangible because wholes are concrete only through their tangible parts. I briefly discuss this understanding of existence in the realm of art to show that transcendence and immanence are not mutually exclusive but constitute each other. I conclude that existence, the hypostasis of unity in diversity, might be seen as a gift from absolute existence. In this view, the world might reveal itself as a gift that reflects the trinitarian existence of the Giver. 相似文献
224.
Wolfhart Pannenberg 《Zygon》2005,40(3):585-588
Abstract. I interpret several key events in the history of the relationship between Christianity and science and conclude that there is no reason for assuming a fundamental conflict between science and religion. Christian theologians should feel confident in using the science of our day to retell the story of God's creation of the world. 相似文献
225.
The Phylogenetic Roots of Language 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Klaus Zuberbühler 《Current directions in psychological science》2005,14(3):126-130
226.
从进化发育角度反思免疫有关问题 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
从进化和发育角度对免疫学领域中某些尚未明了的有关问题及其生物学意义进行了反思.认为淋巴免疫源于脊椎动物机体阶段或变态发育的同步监管功能,它可区分幼体细胞/成体细胞或处理"异步"细胞以防止异常或逆行发育;协同刺激信号分子可能是细胞逆行发育的标志,而MHC分子可能是发育或变态的阶段标志;抗原受体多样性和MHC分子多态性的最初进化压力来自阶段发育中所需的自身识别,免疫的非我识别源于系统发育中积累的自我识别在个体内的冗余;复杂和难以理解的免疫现象可能只是由简单的进化机制形成的. 相似文献
227.
Stanley A. Klein 《Zygon》2006,41(3):567-572
Abstract. Lothar Schäfer has written a poetic tribute pointing out the relevance of quantum theory to religious beliefs. Two items in his article trouble me greatly. First are the excessive claims about the relevance of quantum mechanisms for the creation and evolution of life. Schäfer's claim that “everything that can happen must happen” can be dangerously misleading. The quantum rules predict that most outcomes have a near‐zero chance of occurring. Although “anything can happen” can be a wonderful metaphor for living life, it can be dangerous if taken literally. It can also be misleading when applied to Darwinian mechanisms. My second trouble was with Schäfer's desire to extract moral values from quantum principles in a literalist manner. Extracting ethics from science has always been problematic. Luckily, Schäfer provides balance to these objections by including many wonderful passages that in my opinion correctly point out how quantum theory should change the way we conceive of our place in the universe. I list twelve points in which the quantum ontology differs from our normal Newtonian ontology. Awareness of these aspects is typically missing from our usual appreciation of nature, so Schäfer's poetry on a number of these points is well appreciated. 相似文献
228.
世界麻醉医师协会联合会提出"帮助全世界人民获得最高质量的麻醉、镇痛和复苏"宗旨,我国医院管理年提出"以病人为中心,以质量为核心".如何提高麻醉质量,我们提出了力求麻醉手术前"充分了解、充分认识、充分准备、充分沟通"的措施,以期有效防范围术期不良事件的发生,确保医疗安全. 相似文献
229.
Dunhua Zhao 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2006,1(1):22-32
There are two tendencies in the arguments of the legitimacy of metaphysics in ancient China: the tendency to argue that there
was no metaphysics in ancient China and the tendency to argue that ancient Chinese metaphysics is totally different from that
of the West. In this article, the author counters these tendencies and argues that Chinese and western metaphysics both originated
from a dynamic cosmology and shared objects of investigation and characteristics of thinking in terms of Becoming. However,
in their later development, due to the difference in the problems of their focus, traditions of “moral metaphysics” and “(natural)
metaphysics of Being” were formed in China and in the West, respectively. The author also explores the reasons for the rise
of modern science in the West and its lack of progress in China.
Translated from Shehui Kexue Zhanxian, 2005:3 相似文献
230.
The recognition of iconic correspondence between signal and referent has been argued to bootstrap the acquisition and emergence of language. Here, we study the ontogeny, and to some extent the phylogeny, of the ability to spontaneously relate iconic signals, gestures, and/or vocalizations, to previous experience. Children at 18, 24, and 36 months of age (N = 216) and great apes (N = 13) interacted with two apparatuses, each comprising a distinct action and sound. Subsequently, an experimenter mimicked either the action, the sound, or both in combination to refer to one of the apparatuses. Experiments 1 and 2 found no spontaneous comprehension in great apes and in 18‐month‐old children. At 24 months of age, children were successful with a composite vocalization‐gesture signal but not with either vocalization or gesture alone. At 36 months, children succeeded both with a composite vocalization‐gesture signal and with gesture alone, but not with vocalization alone. In general, gestures were understood better compared to vocalizations. Experiment 4 showed that gestures were understood irrespective of how children learned about the corresponding action (through observation or self‐experience). This pattern of results demonstrates that iconic signals can be a powerful way to establish reference in the absence of language, but they are not trivial for children to comprehend and not all iconic signals are created equal. 相似文献