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161.
This article provides an overview of parent management training (PMT) for preschool-age children with aggressive and oppositional behaviors. Assessment strategies and basic concepts of PMT are provided. Theoretical underpinnings and research outcomes are highlighted for some variations of PMT programs that have strong empirical support. These programs include Helping the Noncompliant Child, Parent–Child Interaction Therapy, Incredible Years Training Series, Triple P-Positive Parenting Program, and Oregon Early Intervention Foster Care. 相似文献
162.
Mirjami Mäntymaa Kaija Puura Ilona Luoma Vilja Vihtonen Raili K. Salmelin Tuula Tamminen 《Infant and child development》2009,18(5):455-467
The aims were to examine the association of maternal or child interactive behaviour with emotional and behavioural problems of the child simultaneously and 3 years later, and to assess whether there is continuity in children's emotional and behavioural symptoms from 2 to 5 years. Sixty‐five 2‐year‐old children with their mothers were videotaped during a feeding situation. Their mothers completed the CBCL at 2 years and when the children were 5. Simultaneously, there were no strong correlations between child's emotional and behavioural problems and maternal or child interactive behaviour. Subsequently, mothers' higher sensitivity and more optimal structuring, as well as child's higher involvement of the mother, were associated with lower levels of child externalizing and total problem scores. Also, less responsive children showed more externalizing symptoms 3 years later. There was continuity of emotional and behavioural problems from 2 to 5 years. Problems in mother–child interaction may predict behavioural problems in the child subsequently. Besides maternal behaviour, it is important to consider the interactive behaviour of the child. Children who are less responsive and who show less involvement of the mother are more likely to subsequently present more externalizing symptoms, and these children should be recognized and treated early. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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165.
The present study integrates findings from three lines of research on the association of social cognition and externalizing
psychopathology, language and externalizing psychopathology, and social cognition and language functioning using Structural
Equation Modeling (SEM). To date these associations have been examined in pairs. A sample of 354 clinic-referred children
(aged 7 to14 years) recruited from a children’s mental health centre were tested on measures of language, social cognition,
working memory, and child psychopathology. We compared a hypothesized model presenting language functioning as a mediator
of the association between social cognition and externalizing psychopathology to a model presenting the independent contribution
of language and social cognition to externalizing psychopathology. As hypothesized, we found that the mediation model fits
the data better than the alternative model. Our findings have implications for developing and modifying intervention techniques
for children with dual language and externalizing psychopathology.
This research was supported by a grant from Health Canada (NHRDP, 6606-4835) to the third author. 相似文献
166.
Foster-Fishman PG Cantillon D Pierce SJ Van Egeren LA 《American journal of community psychology》2007,39(1-2):91-106
Community-building initiatives strive to involve residents as the drivers of the change process, involving them in an array of activities including collective action efforts. Recent evaluations of many of these initiatives, however, suggest that developing the levels of resident involvement needed in such efforts is challenging. This study examines the neighborhood conditions that are related to whether and how much residents become involved in individual activism and collective action efforts. A random-digit-dial phone survey of 460 residents in 7 distressed neighborhoods suggested that while demographic variables were relatively unimportant, resident perceptions of neighborhood readiness (i.e., hope for the future and collective efficacy) and capacity for change (i.e., social ties and neighborhood leadership), and the level of neighborhood problems were strongly related to whether and how much residents were involved in individual and collective action efforts. Moreover, different elements of these neighborhood conditions were more or less important depending on the type and level of resident involvement. For example, while perceptions of neighborhood problems was the strongest predictor of whether an individual became involved at all, perceived strength of neighborhood leadership was the strongest predictor of an individual's level of activity. The implications of these findings for practitioners and scientists are discussed. 相似文献
167.
This report describes the 3 year outcomes of three different variants of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program, a behavioural
family intervention. Families were randomly assigned to one of three intervention conditions or to a waitlist condition. At
1 year follow-up there were similar improvements on observational and self-report measures of preschooler disruptive behaviour
for Enhanced, Standard and Self Directed variants of Triple P. At 3 year follow-up (completed by 139 families), each condition
showed a similar level of maintenance of intervention effects. Approximately 2/3 of preschoolers who were clinically elevated
on measures of disruptive behaviour at pre-intervention moved from the clinical to the non-clinical range. Across conditions,
there was a comparable preventive effect for each intervention for these high risk children. The implications of the findings
for the development of brief, cost effective parenting interventions within a public health framework are discussed. 相似文献
168.
Researchers have yet to examine the impact of neighborhood disadvantage on early child behavior problems (BPs) longitudinally. We examined the impact of neighborhood disadvantage on overt BPs in a low-income, urban sample of 281 African American and European American boys followed longitudinally from toddlerhood to school entry. Measures included census data and maternal report of BPs, sociocultural factors, parental criminality, and maternal depressive symptomatology. After controlling for age 2 overt BPs, family selection variables, and residential instability, neighborhood effects on boys' behavior emerged, but only at age 6 and only at the extreme of neighborhood disadvantage (i.e., underclass). Findings suggest boys in underclass neighborhoods are at risk for overt BPs as they make the transition to elementary school. 相似文献
169.
对我国肝移植现状的系统化思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
阐述了我国肝移植的现状及新时期肝移植的新特点,用系统的观点分析了我国肝移植实施中存在的问题,提出了今后如何系统化发展我国肝移植事业的几点设想。 相似文献
170.