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661.
Thomas Rockwell 《Zygon》2002,37(3):605-622
The first part of this paper surveys the visual technologies that have transformed the modern visual environment and argues for the relevance of their study to an understanding of modernity in general and to the field of religion and science in particular. The term cosmography is adopted for the visual and spatial manifestation of a worldview, and the importance of analyzing and advancing modern cosmography is asserted. In the second part, the focus shifts to one particular challenge presented by modern cosmography: how to represent and find visual meaning in the new range of size scales that have been offered up by the modern scientific worldview. Six strategies for representing and finding meaning in this new expanded picture of the universe are explored. 相似文献
662.
Steven R. Smith Linda A. Reddy Sabine A. Wingenfeld 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2002,24(4):269-273
The Devereux Scales of Mental Disorders (DSMD), with its 3-factor model of measurement (i.e., Internalizing, Externalizing, and Critical Pathology), may be useful in screening for psychotic disorders in children. This study assessed the ability of the DSMD to differentiate between inpatient children and adolescents with psychotic disorders (n = 18) and those with other clinical syndromes (n = 71). Results of ANCOVAs indicated that the psychotic group scored significantly higher on most DSMD scales and composites than the nonpsychotic clinical group. However estimates of effect size were particularly large for the Critical Pathology Composite and the Autism and Acute Problems Scales. Diagnostic efficiency statistics revealed that the DSMD's Critical Pathology Composite was highly accurate in differentiating between the 2 clinical groups. These findings support the utility of the DSMD in identifying children and adolescents with psychotic disorders. 相似文献
663.
Three methods of personality assessment (behavior measures, behavior ratings, adjective ratings) were compared in 20 zoo-housed Great Apes: bonobos (Pan paniscus), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii). To test a new bottom-up approach, the studied trait constructs were systematically generated from the species’ behavioral repertoires. The assessments were reliable, temporally stable, and showed substantial cross-method coherence. In most traits, behavior ratings mediated the relations between adjective ratings and behavior measures. Results suggest that high predictability of manifest behavior is best achieved by behavior ratings, not by adjectives. Empirical evidence for trait constructs beyond current personality models points to the necessity of broad and systematic approaches for valid inferences on a species’ personality structure. 相似文献
664.
665.
Morris EK 《The Behavior analyst / MABA》2008,31(2):179-203
Sidney W. Bijou is among the founders of behavior analysis, but the record of his contributions is incomplete. It has not systematically described his contributions beyond his tenure at the University of Washington (1948-1965). The purpose of this paper is to describe his contributions over the course of the next decade-his years at the University of Illinois (1965-1975). I begin by reviewing his education and training, contributions at Washington, and why he left and moved to Illinois. Then, I describe his Illinois years: his appointments, colleagues, and service; the Child Behavior Laboratory; grant funding and publications; further service, awards, and recognition; and influence on his colleagues, students, classroom teachers and research supervisors, and visiting scholars. Bijou is modest about his contributions at Illinois, but he advanced the field in many ways over the course of the decade, especially the careers of his colleagues and students. 相似文献
666.
Natasha S. Medley Steven G. Little Angeleque Akin-Little 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2008,17(1):93-110
School-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) has been proposed as a proactive and preventive method to reduce problematic
behavior in schools. Under this approach, educators and administrators seek to create a school environment that fosters prosocial
behavior and attempts to systematically deter problem behaviors before they happen. To date, the relationship between SWPBS
and individualized positive behavior support (PBS) plans has not been examined. Specifically, it is unclear whether an atmosphere
of SWPBS facilitates the functional behavioral assessment process and the design of PBS plans for students exhibiting severe
behavior problems. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether behavior support plans created in schools employing
SWPBS systems were more technically adequate than support plans created in schools utilizing traditional approaches to behavior
problems. Results indicated that support plans created at schools with SWPBS systems were more technically adequate than support
plans produced at non-SWPBS schools as measured by the Behavior Support Plan-Quality Evaluation (BSP-QE). However, support plans from schools with SWPBS systems were still considered underdeveloped. Limitations and future research
are discussed. 相似文献
667.
Kathryn J. Casey Jessica L. Hagaman Alexandra L. Trout Robert Reid Beth Chmelka Ronald W. Thompson Daniel L. Daly 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(6):909-927
Little is known about the characteristics or functioning of children with ADHD in residential care as compared to their non-ADHD
peers. This study evaluated data on 538 children with (n = 125) and without (n = 413) ADHD in residential care to determine demographic, mental health, behavioral, and treatment (i.e., medication use)
characteristics. Results revealed that both groups presented elevated risks, however, scores for children with ADHD indicated
even greater levels of need. Specifically, differences were found between the two groups on demographics (e.g., family reunification
status, restrictiveness of prior out-of-home placements), behavior (e.g., attention problems, rule-breaking and aggressive
behaviors) and medication status. Findings suggest there is a need for aftercare services to help support families as children
transition from care, interventions to address behavior, and medication management through assessment and monitoring. 相似文献
668.
A Prevalence Study on Internalizing Problems Among Primary School Children in Hong Kong 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Angela F. Y. Siu 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(6):779-790
Studies in Hong Kong indicated that there is a tendency for young children to use internalizing as a means to cope with their
daily difficulties. Mother–child relationship has been seen as a factor affecting a child’s adaptive coping skills. In this
study, we explored the prevalence of internalizing problems among primary school children in Hong Kong, as well as the mother–child
relationship that contribute to children’s internalizing problems. Data used to assess the internalizing behavior among 1598
primary school children were collected from their mothers. The estimated prevalence of internalizing problem was 11.4%. This
prevalence was based on the cutoff point for internalizing disorders according to the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The
CBCL internalizing score was significantly correlated with mother–child relationship as measured using the Parent–Child Relationship
Questionnaire (PCRQ). Results from the PCRQ indicated that children’s internalizing problems were positively correlated with
mother’s use of verbal punishment and rejection as well as their possessiveness and protection on their children. On the other
hand, a nurturing and intimate relationship between mother and child was an important factor contributing to the development
of mentally healthy children. Implications of this study and suggestions for further research were discussed. 相似文献
669.
Although common knowledge seems to agree that authoritarianism is ‘bad to the self’, previous studies yielded inconclusive results with respect to the relationship between authoritarianism and mental distress. The present research explores whether the impact of facilitators of mental distress on actual mental distress depends on the level of authoritarianism. Study 1 includes a sample of 132 adults and demonstrated less negative consequences of D‐type personality on depression for individuals with high rather than low levels of authoritarianism. Study 2 conducted in a sample of 109 elderly revealed that the effects of negative stressful life events on mental distress were curbed by higher levels of authoritarianism. It is concluded that while previous studies have amply shown that authoritarianism has adverse consequences for other people, these negative effects do not appear to be particularly present for the self. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
670.
Habituation: a history 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Thompson RF 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2009,92(2):127-134