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121.
MARGOT WADDELL 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2006,87(4):1103-1120
The author draws attention to something distinctive in the psychoanalytic 'air' from the early 1960s onwards: the strong emphasis upon the very early psychological, emotional and cognitive view of infants and young children. She focuses on the work of two analysts in particular, Esther Bick and Wilfred Bion, and the comparable, though differently expressed, centrality of the observational method in their work. Each explored not only the pathological picture but also the nature and integrative function of psychic containment in earliest mental life. Each also shared a preoccupation with what constituted a psychoanalytic attitude and with the process of becoming a psychoanalyst and, in Bick's case, a child analyst or psychotherapist. The author provides an historical background to the idea of observation, followed by an account, with detailed examples, of the nature of infant observation and the observational method as taught and practised at the Tavistock Clinic, London since the late 1940s, and subsequently in many other training institutions. Here the themes of Bick and Bion are constantly interrelated such that the prototype or model for the creation of emotional meaning and thought can be appreciated and learning from experience can take place. 相似文献
122.
《Psychologie Fran?aise》2022,67(2):155-166
The aim of the present study was to evaluate some psychometric properties of the French-Canadian version of the Older Adult Self-Report (Achenbach et al., 2004), a self-reported measure of emotional, behavioral and interpersonal difficulties intended for people aged 60 years and older. This study examines some psychometric properties of the OASR, in terms of reliability (internal consistency) of the seven syndrome scales, and construct validity (structural, convergent and criterion validity). The instrument was completed by 321 older adults aged 60 years and older (M = 68.36; SD = 5.82) who were participating at the Université du troisième âge activities, which were taking place in two cities of the province of Quebec, Canada. Polychoric alpha coefficients varied between 0,72 and 0,93 and indicated a good internal consistency for the syndrome scales. Convergent validity was measured by multiple linear regression using life satisfaction as a dependent variable. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the seven-factor structure proposed in the original version of the instrument (CFI = .916, TLI = .914, RMSEA = .022 [.019, .025]). Results showed a good convergent validity, with 37.5% of variance explained by the problem scales. Overall, the results indicated that psychometric properties of the OASR meet expected standards for professional use of the French-Canadian version of the instrument. 相似文献
123.
Professor Luc Vandenberghe 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2007,20(1):105-114
This paper argues that Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) can contribute to the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). FAP is a behavior analytically informed approach to talk-therapy, developed by Kohlenberg and Tsai. It uses natural occurrences of clinically relevant behavior in the client-therapist relationship to promote therapeutic change. A selection of vignettes of client-therapist dialogues involving two clients with OCD is discussed. The examples show how natural interactions between therapist and client can be used to bring therapeutic technique closer to the natural occurrences of obsessive-compulsive behavior. Furthermore, the fragments illustrate that FAP can encompass exposure and response prevention. Therefore, the in vivo learning during the session as promoted in FAP can be an asset in the treatment of clients with OCD, and it deserves attention in future treatment research. 相似文献
124.
Tics represent a complex class of behaviors that have a neurobiological origin and are influenced by factors both internal and external to the individual. One factor that has gained recent attention is the premonitory urge. Contemporary behavioral models suggest that some tics are preceded by aversive somatic urges that increase in severity when tics are suppressed and are attenuated by performance of the tic. It has been proposed that the removal of premonitory urges may strengthen or maintain tics via negative reinforcement. This investigation is the first to empirically evaluate the effect of tic suppression on the premonitory urge phenomenon. Five children and adolescents, ages 8–17 years, participated in the study. Using an ABAB reversal design, tic frequency and subjective premonitory urge ratings were recorded under conditions of free-to-tic baseline (BL) and reinforced tic suppression (differential reinforcement of zero-rate behavior). Results show that four of the five children demonstrated reliable suppression. Of the four children who achieved suppression, three demonstrated a pattern in which subjective urge ratings were higher during suppression than during BL. Results provide preliminary support for the negative reinforcement view of tic function for some children. 相似文献
125.
Marina Altmann de Litvan 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2007,88(3):713-733
The author attempts to integrate several perspectives within the field of infant observation that reflect the analyst's personal experience as a clinician, as a professor at the analytic institute and as a researcher in the field of psychoanalysis. Can infant observation contribute to analytic technique, theory and training? If so, what would be the nature of such contribution? To answer these questions, the author reviews the literature on infant observation from Freud to the present, highlighting Latin American contributions to this subject. She makes reference to the role of technological innovations, which have allowed videotaping, repeated observations, temporal segmentation and computerized programs, thus giving rise to microanalytic research. This discussion prompts the question about the contributions made by systematic research to clinical practice. To tackle this question, the author presents both a clinical vignette taken from her personal experience, and the current debate on this subject as it appears in the work of Daniel Stern and André Green. Finally, she presents some conclusions that are part of an ongoing debate in the psychoanalytic field. 相似文献
126.
This article reviews studies examining the efficacy of behavioral interventions for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A specific emphasis is placed on evidence-based interventions that include parent training, classroom, academic, and peer interventions. Results indicate that school-aged children respond to behavioral interventions when they are appropriately implemented both at home and in the classroom setting. Combined treatments (behavioral management and stimulant medication) represent the gold standard in ADHD treatment and are often recommended as the first-line treatment option due to the many problems faced by children with ADHD. Diversity issues, although an important consideration in the treatment of ADHD, continue to remain an understudied area. Recommendations for future research are made pertaining to treatment sequencing with regard to behavior management as well as for subgroups of ADHD children who may respond best to specific treatments. 相似文献
127.
Christopher T. Barry Paul J. Frick Kristy K. Adler Sarah J. Grafeman 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(4):508-521
We examined the predictive utility of narcissism among a community sample of children and adolescents (N=98) longitudinally. Analyses focused on the differential utility between maladaptive and adaptive narcissism for predicting
later delinquency. Maladaptive narcissism significantly predicted self-reported delinquency at one-, two-, and three-year
follow-ups. This pattern held even when considering other intrapersonal risk factors for conduct problems (i.e., callous-unemotional
traits, impulsivity), parenting practices, and when controlling for earlier conduct problems. In addition, adaptive narcissism
was predictive of delinquency in the absence of positive parenting practices, with maladaptive narcissism being particularly
predictive of delinquency in the presence of negative parenting. The implications for understanding delinquency in terms of
the social and motivational characteristics that are the hallmark of maladaptive narcissism are discussed. 相似文献
128.
Jay E. Earles Burton Kerr Larry C. James Raymond A. Folen 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(1):51-57
For several decades, obesity has been a major health concern within the general population of the United States as well as
within the unique military population. Unlike the civilian sector, military service requires individuals to meet weight and
body fat standards. In order to assist overweight military personnel return to standards, Tripler Army Medical Center initiated
the LE3AN Program. LE3AN is a one-week, day-treatment, cognitive-behavioral weight management program coupled with 12 months of weekly follow-up.
Baseline data was collected on 387 consecutive participants. Despite physical fitness training and required standards in each
military service, the average BMIs for men and women were in the obese range, with male participants’ BMIs significantly higher
than women’s (34.3 vs 31.9, p<.005). One year outcome data was collected from 167 participants, i.e. 43.2% of treatment initiators. Among participants
who completed treatment, men maintained a 6.56% loss of their initial weight while women maintained a 7.35% loss. Over a quarter,
26.6%, of those who started the program (but did not complete it) maintained at least a 5% weight loss at one year, while
61.6% of treatment completers maintained 5% weight losses.
The opinions expressed in this article reflect the views of the authors and not those of the Department of Defense or the
U.S. Army. 相似文献
129.
Margaret O’Brien Caughy Saundra M. Nettles Patricia J. O’Campo 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(6):819-836
We examined the impact of neighborhood characteristics both directly and indirectly as mediated by parent coaching and the
parent/child affective relationship on behavioral and school adjustment in a sample of urban dwelling first graders. We used
structural equations modeling to assess model fit and estimate direct, indirect, and total effects of neighborhood structural
and social characteristics on parenting behavior and child outcomes. Observed physical incivilities in the neighborhood were
associated with lower levels of parent eliciting behavior and higher levels of child behavior problems. The effects of neighborhood
structural characteristics were mediated partially through neighborhood community involvement with children, which had a direct
significant impact on parent eliciting behavior and an indirect effect on child behavior problems. Neighborhood community
involvement with children was associated with higher levels of parent eliciting behavior and lower levels of child behavior
problems. Observed physical incivilities had a significant indirect association with poor school adjustment and a marginally
significant association with positive school adjustment to first grade. Neighborhood community involvement with children was
more strongly associated with positive school adjustment than poor school adjustment. 相似文献
130.
David J. Kolko Lorah D. Dorn Oscar G. Bukstein Dustin Pardini Elizabeth A. Holden Jonathan Hart 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(5):591-609
This study examines the treatment outcomes of 139, 6–11 year-old, clinically referred boys and girls diagnosed with Oppositional
Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Conduct Disorder (CD) who were randomly assigned to a modular-based treatment protocol that was
applied by research study clinicians either in the community (COMM) or a clinic office (CLINIC). To examine normative comparisons,
a matched sample of 69 healthy control children was included. Multiple informants completed diagnostic interviews and self-reports
at six assessment timepoints (pretreatment to 3-year follow-up) to evaluate changes in the child’s behavioral and emotional
problems, psychopathic features, functional impairment, diagnostic status, and service involvement. Using HLM and logistic
regression models, COMM and CLINIC showed significant and comparable improvements on all outcomes. By 3-year follow-up, 36%
of COMM and 47% of CLINIC patients no longer met criteria for either ODD or CD, and 48% and 57% of the children in these two
respective conditions had levels of parent-rated externalizing behavior problems in the normal range. We discuss the nature
and implications of these novel findings regarding the role of treatment context or setting for the treatment and long-term
outcome of behavior disorders.
This study was supported by grants to the first author from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH 57727) and to the
second author by the National Institute of Nursing Research (NR 07615). The fourth author was supported by grant K01 MH078039
from the National Institute of Mental Health. The authors acknowledge the research and clinical staff of the Resources to
Enhance the Adjustment of Children (REACH) program, and Drs. David Brent, Tammy Chung, William Gardner, John Lochman, and Wayne Osgood. Reprints may be obtained from
Dr. Kolko, WPIC, 3811 O’Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213. 相似文献