When technology tells you how you drive––truck drivers’ attitudes towards feedback by technology

Behavior based safety approaches have proven effective in reducing accidents in industrial settings, but cannot easily be extended to commercial driving. For considerable periods of working time, truck drivers are alone, and do not interact with peers. It might be possible to use data gathered by new in-vehicle technology to provide real-time and post-shift feedback to drivers about their driving behavior. This paper reports the results of focus group interviews conducted with subject matter experts from the trucking industry (truck drivers, supervisors, managers, and other involved persons, such as insurance industry safety professionals). The focus groups discussed safety critical behaviors in commercial driving, the best way to provide feedback to truck drivers, and benefits of feedback by technology as well as concerns drivers and operators may have regarding monitoring and feedback systems. The focus group discussions showed that, in general, drivers would like to receive more feedback and that feedback by technology is acceptable, if designed and implemented properly. In addition, the participants had many suggestions on how to properly design and implement such systems.     

影响小学生同伴接纳因素的研究

用测量表对453名小学生的社会行为、教师接纳、学业成绩、社交策略与儿童同伴接纳之间的关系进行研究.结果表明,社会行为、教师接纳、学业成绩、社交策略与同伴接纳之间存在显著相关;各变量的不同水平之间(除不适宜社交策略这一变量外)儿童同伴接纳程度存在显著差异;学业成绩、教师接纳、攻击性及提出适宜的社交策略数,对于儿童同伴接纳有较大的预测作用,但在不同性别、不同年级水平上又存在明显不同.     

Inducing an availability heuristic on the Wason selection task overrides the matching bias

A long history of examining reasoning using the Wason selection task has revealed that many respondents are biased towards choices that match the items expressed in the rule. One reason for this particular heuristic may be that no better information is immediately available, and thus matching items win over the competing choice simply via recognition. In two experiments, we sought to examine whether a stronger memory trace could override the matching bias. We created rules from common, easily recognisable nursery rhymes and varied the degree to which the presented rules matched the commonly known rhymes. The components of the remembered rhyme had a strong influence on the participants’ selections, suggesting that a strong memory trace can override the usual matching bias. We provide an interpretation of these results in light of answer fluency, mental models, and probabilistic estimates.     

直接经验对自主学习意愿的影响：基于计划行为理论的应用

基于计划行为理论,自编直接经验、自主学习意愿等量表,以武汉地区402名中学生为被试,系统分析直接经验对自主学习意愿的影响。结果发现：直接经验的积累可增强学习主体参与自主学习活动的意愿;直接经验对自主学习意愿的积极影响可通过行为态度等核心变量发挥间接效应实现,也可通过直接路径实现;直接经验与自主学习意愿的关系不受行为态度等核心变量调节。这些结果表明,直接经验是自主学习意愿的重要影响因子,对培养和提高学生自主学习意识具有重要价值。     

情绪智力与工作相关变量关系的元分析：以中国样本为例

以中国样本为例,运用元分析方法对个体和团队层面情绪智力与工作相关变量的关系进行了探讨。来源于46项研究的59个独立样本满足了元分析标准(N=11578)。元分析结果发现,个体情绪智力与领导行为有高度正相关,与任务绩效、背景绩效、自我效能感有中高度正相关,与工作满意、组织承诺、创新行为有中低度正相关,与工作倦怠有中高度负相关,与工作压力有中低度负相关,与员工离职和凝聚力的相关不显著。团队情绪智力与团队绩效高度正相关。结果表明,情绪智力是工作场所有价值的变量,它对有效的工作变量有不同程度的预测性。     

美军EPAS系统对我军士兵职业分类研究的启示

EPAS（Enlisted Personnel Allocation System）是美军新开发的军人选拔分配系统。该系统采用最优线性匹配程序,通过预测绩效最大化,提高应征人员岗位匹配的有效性,以满足部队兵员分配的需求。本文从美军应征人员分配标准出发,介绍了该系统的历史沿革、主要原理,并阐明了对我军士兵职业分类研究的启迪。     

Getting Students to Choose to Do More Work: Evidence of the Effectiveness of the Interspersal Procedure

College students were exposed to two sets of mathematics assignments. For each set students were given an experimental and a control assignment. The control assignments contained 15 three-digit by two-digit target problems. The experimental assignments contained 18 similar target problems as well as six one-digit by one-digit multiplication problems interspersed after every third target problem. In the first assignment set, students were asked to work each assignment for 5 minutes. Although the experimental assignments contained more target problems, results showed that significantly more students chose the experimental assignment and rated it as less difficult and as requiring less effort to complete. In the second assignment set, students were asked to complete both assignments. Again significantly more students rated the experimental assignment as being less difficult and as requiring less effort to complete. Although more students chose the experimental assignment for homework, this difference was not significant. Discussion focuses on using the interspersal procedure to enhance students' perceptions of assignments and alter their choice behavior.     

Emerging Adult Risky Sexual Behavior Predicted by Parental Overprotection: Moderated Mediation Analysis

Parental control behaviors are suggested to be related to emerging adult outcomes, such as risky sexual behavior. Although parental control behaviors are more likely to be considered protective against risky sexual behavior, the relation between parental overprotection and risky sexual behavior is unclear. Furthermore, parental overprotection may influence peer selection and prosocial behaviors in emerging adults, which may in turn influence outcomes of risky sexual behavior, as suggested by primary socialization theory. Thus, the current study investigated the relations among paternal and maternal overprotection, emerging adult peer alienation, and risky sexual behavior, and expanded on these relations by examining gender effects of both parents and children. The sample consisted of 505 participants (228 males and 277 females) ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. Analyses were conducted with AMOS path analysis and indicated that peer alienation mediated the effect between both maternal and paternal perceived overprotection and risky sexual behavior, but more strongly for males, suggesting moderated mediation. Overall, parental overprotection may be protective against risky sexual behavior via pathways that are harmful such as peer alienation, thus recommending research continues to clarify the nuances of these relations.