决策者角色及相关变量对风险偏好的影响

采用IAT技术测查被试的内隐自尊, 并引入收益和损失两种任务框架, 综合探讨了内隐自尊水平、任务得失框架对自我决策和为他人决策时风险偏好的影响。结果发现：(1)在收益框架下, 被试为他人决策时更冒险, 而在损失框架下, 为自我和他人决策的风险偏好无显著差异; (2)与为自我决策相比, 低内隐自尊者为他人决策时更冒险, 而高内隐自尊者为自我和他人决策的风险偏好无显著差异; (3)内隐自尊水平与任务框架的交互作用及内隐自尊水平、任务框架和决策者角色之间的三级交互作用均不显著。依据相关的理论和发现对这种结果进行了分析和讨论。     

“辨章考镜,返本开新”——黄寿祺六庵先生易学管窥蠡探

本文主要是纪念黄寿祺(1912-1990)六庵先生百年诞辰而写,汲引章学诚(1738-1801)《校雠通义》"辨章学术,考镜源流"与著名新儒学大家唐君毅(1909-1978)、牟宗三(1909-1995)常说的"返本开新",汇为本文标题,以表彰先生易学总体成就与贡献。全文分节为四:首述缘起,次论先生易学旨趣,三则举《易学群书平议》中焦循(1763-1820)《仲轩易义解诂》例释先生易学进路与裁识,终以"从源溯流,强干弱枝"、"精研象理,不废术数"为先生《易》学结论。     

组织氛围对员工行为有效性的影响机制

该研究采用问卷调查法和专家评估法探讨员工行为有效性的影响机制.结果表明:(1)组织氛围对员工行为有效性有积极的影响.(2)员工的自我效能感在组织氛围与绩效间起完全中介作用,在组织氛围与组织承诺间起部分中介作用,在组织氛围与满意度之间没有中介效应.(3)员工的自我效能感、满意度和组织承诺在组织氛围与员工绩效间起完全中介作用.(4)组织氛围对员工绩效的影响存在双重中介效应.结论:组织氛围对员工绩效的影响机制非常复杂,不仅可以直接影响,而且还可以通过影响员工的自我效能感、满意度和组织承诺等多种中介效应来影响.     

配偶的善意性别偏见对职业女性工作繁荣的影响机制研究：一个有调节的中介模型

本文基于工作-家庭资源模型,采用问卷调查法,收集208份双职工夫妻配对数据,探讨配偶的善意性别偏见对职业女性工作繁荣的中介机制与边界效应。研究结果表明：配偶的善意性别偏见负向预测职业女性的工作繁荣,家庭-工作冲突中介了配偶的善意性别偏见与工作繁荣的关系;同时,职业女性的工作中心性调节了家庭-工作冲突在二者间的中介作用。研究结果对降低职业女性的家庭-工作冲突,减少善意性别偏见,促进工作繁荣有一定的理论和实践意义。     

Consciously monitored grasping is vulnerable to perceptual intrusions

The idea of functional differentiation between vision-for-action and vision-for-perception has been supported by evidence from different domains. According to this account, perception is based on consciously accessible, relative representations, whereas vision-for-action is performed in an analytic, automatic manner. Support for this idea comes from studies that showed that unlike perception, grasping movements are refractory to illusions and to Weber’s law. Yet, interactions between the systems may occur when an action is performed in a less automated fashion. To test this idea, we asked participants to monitor their fingers apertures in flight and to halt their movement for a short duration when they felt that their aperture reached a maximum amount. The results showed that movements in the monitored condition were biased by the Ponzo illusion and showed atypical adherence to Weber's law. These results show that action and perception are more likely to interact when movements are performed in a controlled manner.     

Differences in cognitive performance between informal caregivers and non-caregivers

ABSTRACT

Extensive literature exists documenting the relationship between stress and cognition. Caregiving for an individual with Alzheimer’s disease can be aunique and chronic stress experience due to the increasing dependency of the care-recipient as the disease progresses. The current study examines the relationship between stress and cognitive performance in 47 dementia caregivers compared to 47 noncaregiver control participants matched on age, gender, and education. Participants completed measures assessing stress (measured via the Perceived Stress Scale) and seven domains of cognition including episodic memory, working memory, executive functioning, attention, visuospatial processing, processing speed, and implicit memory. Results showed that caregivers had poorer performance than non-caregivers on certain measures of episodic memory, working memory, and executive functioning; while no significant differences were observed on measures of attention, visuospatial processing, processing speed, or implicit memory. In addition, when controlling for general stress, caregiver performance on measures of processing speed and visuospatial processing was also poorer than non-caregivers. By controlling for levels of general stress that may not be related to caregiving, these results show that differences in cognitive performance are unlikely to be explained by general stress alone.     

Re-reading Anscombe on ‘I’

According to a ‘Straight’ reading of Elizabeth Anscombe’s (1975 Anscombe, E. 1975. “The First Person.” In her Mind and Language, edited by S. Guttenplan, 45–65. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]) ‘The First Person’, she holds a radically non-referring view of ‘I’. Specifically, ‘I’ is analogous to the expletive ‘it’ in ‘It’s raining’. I argue that this is not her conclusion. Her substantive view, rather is that if what you mean by ‘reference’ is a certain rich and recherché notion tracing to Frege, then ‘I’ is not a referring term. Her methodological point is that one shouldn’t be ‘bewitched by language’ into thinking that ‘I’, because of its syntax, must exhibit ‘reference’ in this sense.     

Exploring mystery: can Christian meditation at school nurture students’ relationships with God?

ABSTRACT

While there is growing international interest in meditation and mindfulness initiatives in schools, little research has focused on exploring the impact of such practices on students’ spirituality. This paper reports data from a mixed method study involving primary school classes engaged in the regular practice of Christian meditation between Years 4 to 6 in Catholic schools in New South Wales, Australia. Student focus group data (n = 114 students) and a student survey (n = 250 students) suggest Christian meditation offers an inclusive and ‘hospitable’ space for many students, where their spiritual well-being can be nurtured, including their connection to God. However, the findings suggest that accompanying dialogue with students around the purpose and possibilities of Christian meditation may help to better situate the practice as a ‘hospitable space’ thus enabling deeper engagement with the spiritual in contemporary Catholic classrooms.