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421.
结直肠癌多学科专家组诊疗模式(colorectal cancer multidisciplinary team,CRC-MDT),最早始于英国,它以病人为中心,多个学科共同参与诊治过程,制定出最适合病情的多模式相结合的科学合理的诊疗方案。此后,结直肠癌多学科专家组诊疗模式逐渐在德国、法国、意大利、美国等医疗中心相对集中的国家得到推广和完善。北京大学人民医院胃肠外科于2002年成立了包括内科、外科,病理科、影像科等8个学科专家组成的胃肠MDT。越来越多的临床实践证实,结直肠癌多学科专家组的诊疗方案,更具有科学性和合理性,明显改善结直肠癌病人预后,增加了患者的临床获益。目前,结直肠癌多学科专家组诊疗模式在世界范围内已经成为现代医院医疗体系的重要组成部分。结直肠癌MDT模式不只是对患者进行多学科会诊,而是对整个医疗过程全程指导,促进学科间的交流,增进学科间了解。在欧美CRC-MDT发展完善的地区,人们的目光不仅关注MDT在结直肠癌诊治中的应用,而且注意到了MDT作为一套宏观的医疗管理模式,在结直肠癌诊治流程运作中的社会效益、经济学价值的推动作用。 相似文献
422.
Meredith Doig 《International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies》2006,3(4):348-359
One of the most important tasks in achieving organizational effectiveness is talent management – identifying people with the potential to grow into effective senior leaders of an organization and developing their innate capacities. Requisite Organization theory provides a well‐grounded framework for designing and operating effective organizations. Jaques' exploration of the different cognitive processing styles necessary to be effective in increasingly complex organizational roles has helped clarify the fundamentals of talent identification. However, anyone who has worked in large complex organizations knows that intellect alone is not enough – certain personal and social capacities are also needed to be truly effective. In this article we provide some insights into a three‐dimensional framework that has been used successfully in the field to identify managerial potential. The three dimensions draw upon Jaques' ideas of differential capacities, but expand beyond the intellectual dimension to incorporate a temperament dimension and a values dimension. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
423.
Ireen de Graaf Simone Onrust Merel Haverman Jan Janssens 《Infant and child development》2009,18(6):481-501
The present study evaluated two primary care parenting interventions. First, we evaluated the most widely used Dutch practices for primary care parenting support. Second, we assessed the applicability of the Primary Care Triple P approach, which is now being utilized in a wide variety of primary care settings. Both interventions target parents of children with mild to moderate behavioural and/or emotional problems, with the aim of improving parenting skills and thereby decreasing child problems. We examined the interventions in pre‐, post‐ and follow‐up assessment, and compared the results. Both interventions produced significant reductions in reported child emotional and behaviour problems, that also remained after 3 months. For both groups, parenting styles were also found to have improved at both post‐test and follow‐up measurement. When compared with the regular Dutch parenting consultation practices, however, the Primary Care Triple P approach produced greater reductions in parental laxness and total parenting dysfunction, and greater improvement in total parenting competence at both post‐test and follow‐up. Primary Care Triple P may even—in light of the greater improvements in parenting skills and total parental competences in the Triple P group than in the regular Dutch parenting consultation group—produce better results in the long run concerning child behaviour and emotional problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
424.
Members of racial/ethnic minority groups are less likely than Caucasians to access mental health services despite recent evidence of more favorable attitudes regarding treatment effectiveness. The present study explored this discrepancy by examining racial differences in beliefs about how the natural course and seriousness of mental illnesses relate to perceived treatment effectiveness. The analysis is based on a nationally representative sample of 583 Caucasian and 82 African American participants in a vignette experiment about people living with mental illness. While African Americans were more likely than Caucasians to believe that mental health professionals could help individuals with schizophrenia and major depression, they were also more likely to believe mental health problems would improve on their own. This belief was unrelated to beliefs about treatment effectiveness. These findings suggest that a belief in treatment effectiveness may not increase service utilization among African Americans who are more likely to believe treatment is unnecessary. 相似文献
425.
This article examines whether a training program in ethical decision making can change young athletes’ doping attitudes. Fifty-two young elite athletes were randomly assigned to either an ethical decision-making training group or a standard-knowledge-based educational program group. Another 17 young elite athletes were recruited for no-treatment control purposes. The ethical decision-making training comprised six 30-min online sessions in which the participants had to work through 18 ethical dilemmas related to doping. The standard-knowledge-based educational program was also conducted in six online sessions of comparable length to that of the ethical training. A short version of the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale was administered to measure the effects of the trainings on doping attitude. Prior to as well as after the intervention, the mean doping attitude scores of the young athletes were low to very low, indicating vehement rejections of doping. The results of our experiment showed that the ethical training led to an attenuation of these rejections. No intervention effect was found in the standard education group. The observed slight increase in the doping attitude score could be an indication that the ethical decision-making training was successful in breaking up the athletes’ stereotypical style of reasoning about doping. 相似文献
426.
William S. Davidson Tiffeny R. Jimenez Eyitayo Onifade Sean S. Hankins 《American journal of community psychology》2010,46(3-4):442-458
Service-learning partnerships between universities and surrounding communities striving to create systems-level change must consider an emphasis in critical community service; a community centered paradigm where students are taught to work with communities to better understand contexts surrounding a social problem, as opposed to merely volunteering to provide a service to a community. The Adolescent Diversion Project (ADP), which has been operating for over 30 years, demonstrates critical community service through the type of relationship built between students and the local community. This article describes: a qualitative study with ADP students, the historical context of ADP, what and how students learned through their involvement in ADP, and reframes the work of this project as a form of service-learning pedagogy. Inductive content analysis was employed to identify underlying themes across participants related to their personal experiences of ADP and its impact in their lives. Findings were compared with service-learning outcomes and other quantitative studies conducted with past ADP cohorts from the literature. Consistent with past studies, ADP students become more negative toward social systems involved with their youth. This finding may explain an increase in feelings of political commitment following involvement in ADP. Consistent with service-learning outcomes, results demonstrate that ADP should be further documented as not only an effective community-based program but also as an exemplar in the pedagogy of service-learning. This study highlights why service-learning opportunities for students are not just one way to teach students, they are opportunities to bridge relationships within communities, bring life to theoretical concepts, and build the foundations necessary for educated citizens that will one day take lead roles in our society. 相似文献
427.
This critique is a response to an article by Morisse, Batra, Hess, Silverman, and Corrigan (1996), in which “a token economy for the real world” is promulgated as an alternative to the comprehensive social-learning program and assessment technology presented by Paul and Lentz (1977). The article misrepresents the treatment-and-assessment procedures that have been empirically validated as the most effective and cost-efficient for inpatient programs. The article also inappropriately cites the results of prior reports as support for an oversimplified approach to the development and implementation of inpatient programs. The promoted approach is in direct opposition to the widely recognized need for empirically validated interventions and evaluations in mental health services. Not only are data lacking to support assertions of effectiveness for the resulting program but illustrative examples demonstrate technically unsound procedures as well as an ethically questionable emphasis on staff desires to the exclusion of patient needs. We attempt to correct Morisse et al.'s inaccuracies and misconceptions regarding the work of Paul and colleagues, note the major problems with their perfunctory approach, and provide recommendations for implementation and maintenance of empirically validated procedures for inpatients. 相似文献
428.
FALK LEICHSENRING JOACHIM BISKUP REINHARD KREISCHE HERMANN STAATS 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2005,86(2):433-455
Results of a naturalistic study of the effectiveness of psychoanalytic therapy are reported. Outcome data are presented for a sample of N = 36 patients who were treated with psychoanalytic therapy. For a sample of n = 23 of these patients, data for 1-year follow-up are available at present. According to the results, psychoanalytic therapy yielded signifi cant improvements in symptoms (Symptom Checklist 90-R, SCL-90-R and rating of psychoanalysts), in interpersonal problems (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, IIP), in quality of life (Questionnaire of Quality of Life, FLZ), in well-being (Questionnaire of Changes in Experience and Behaviour, VEV) and in target problems defi ned by the patients (Goal Attainment Scaling, GAS). Large effect sizes between 1.28 and 2.48 were found in symptoms (GSI of the SCL-90-R), interpersonal problems (IIP-total), quality of life (FLZ-total), well-being (VEV) and target problems (GAS). At 1-year follow-up, all improvements proved to be stable or even increased. The self-reported improvements in symptoms were corroborated by the ratings of the psychoanalysts. At the end of therapy, 77% of the patients showed clinically signifi cant improvements. In the 1-year follow-up group, this was true for 80%. Further results are presented and discussed. 相似文献
429.
Researchers investigated perceived life effectiveness of young adults with autism who were partnered with student peers in an outdoor Challenge Course program on a university campus. Twenty-three adults ages 17–34 completed the Life Effectiveness Questionnaire before and after participating in the program. Paired samples t-tests of pre-scores and post-scores indicated significant increases in self-perceptions of effectiveness in task leadership and social competence factors. Perceptions of improved communication and high levels of satisfaction were reported by participants and parents. Occupational therapy intervention with community-dwelling young adults with autism using university-based peer partnerships is effective in promoting participation and life effectiveness. 相似文献
430.
The first part of this paper summarises the key points about the use of celebrities in advertising, sets this particular creative technique in context and demonstrates how significant its return on investment can be. In the second part the paper goes on to report a more detailed analysis of the ‘celebrity’ case histories among the winners in the IPA Effectiveness Awards, and how practitioners have applied celebrity use to brands to make exceptional impacts on profitability. 相似文献