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631.
Perceived control and emotions: interactive effects on performance in achievement settings 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Joelle C. Ruthig Raymond P. Perry Steven Hladkyj Nathan C. Hall Reinhard Pekrun Judith G. Chipperfield 《Social Psychology of Education》2008,11(2):161-180
Individual differences in cognitions and emotions play a critical role in difficult academic situations, such as the transition
into college, a period infused with uncertainty. Perceived academic control (low vs. high) and emotions (course boredom, anxiety,
and enjoyment) were examined to determine how they jointly predicted 620 first-year students’ achievement and attrition over
an entire academic year. It was expected that students’ emotions would moderate the effects of high perceived control on achievement
(final psychology grade, cumulative GPA) and attrition (overall course credits dropped). Regression results revealed several
Perceived Control × Emotion interactions that supported this moderation hypothesis: negative emotions impeded the benefits
of high control (i.e., boredom and anxiety predicted worse performance in high-control students); positive emotions enhanced
the benefits of high control (i.e., enjoyment predicted better performance in high-control students). Conversely, achievement
emotions did not predict performance among low-control students. Together, these findings indicate that for a high level of
perceived control to enhance students’ academic achievement and inhibit attrition, “adaptive” levels of emotions (lower boredom,
lower anxiety, or higher enjoyment) are required. Implications for maximizing academic success among both low- and high-control
students are discussed.
相似文献
Joelle C. RuthigEmail: |
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Little is known about the risky sexual behaviour, misconceptions and attitudes regarding sexuality and sexual health among
rural youth in India. In order to understand these aspects, quantitative data were collected among 1,500 rural college students
(800 male and 700 female) in the age group 15–24 years in the Thane district of Maharashtra, India, during 2004. Analysis
of variance and regression analysis were performed using the total mean score of attitude towards sexuality as the dependent
variable to determine the association and relationship, respectively, with background and familial characteristics. The results
clearly showed that the majority of the students in the study expressed conservative attitudes towards premarital sexuality.
Many students not only disagreed with casual sex but also considered it immoral. Gender bias i.e. permitting premarital sex
for males and not for females, was reflected in their attitudes to some extent. Mean score indicated that male students had
higher mean scores compared with their female counterparts and senior students compared with junior students, indicating more
liberal attitudes towards sexuality. Bivariate analysis showed positive association between age; peer interaction; erotic
exposure; habits of gutaka, tobacco, smoking and alcohol consumption; and knowledge about reproductive health issues with
attitudes towards various sexuality issues. Multivariate analysis showed that female students studying in the commerce and
science faculties were more liberal in attitude towards sexuality when compared with female students from the arts faculty.
Male students with high erotic exposure (odds ratio 2.3); habits of gutaka, tobacco, smoking and alcohol consumption (odds
ratio 2.7); and high peer interaction (odds ratio 2.3) had higher attitudinal scores indicated more liberal attitudes. Overall,
the majority of the students expressed conservative attitudes towards premarital sex. The programme on sexuality education
and responsibility for in-school adolescents should be launched early in secondary schools/college at an early stage of the
perception process and formulation of attitudes towards sexuality. This would provide students with more scientific information
and deter them from gathering incomplete information through sources such as pornography and peers. 相似文献
634.
Lee M. Cohen Dennis E. McChargue Holly E.R. Morrell 《Personality and individual differences》2007,43(8):1969-1979
Smoking for negative mood alleviation is a strong predictor of early smoking and early dependence among undergraduates. Little is known about whether adaptive cognitive coping processes (e.g., distraction) may help decrease the likelihood of student smoking for negative mood regulation. The present study tested the hypothesis that distraction would predict (a) greater engagement in adaptive pleasant pastimes and (b) lower rates of smoking behavior among undergraduates (n = 162, 41.9% female). We further assessed whether negative mood regulation expectations would explain both relationships. Results indicated that negative mood regulation fully mediated the relationship between distraction and engagement in pleasurable activities among college smokers. Although the relationships among distraction, negative mood regulation, and cigarette consumption were not significant, they were in the expected direction (negative). Results from the present study point to the importance of prevention efforts focused on enhancing cognitive coping skills in college smokers. Such a focus may lead to more frequent adaptive cognitive coping during negative mood states, presumably instead of smoking. 相似文献
635.
运用多元概化理论及其方法,本研究分析了上海市高考历史试卷(2006年),结果发现:(1)在试卷结构,各部分试题具有较好的测量信度,但在赋分比例存在问题;(2)在主观题评分,评阅者对分数影响微弱,说明分数能较为真实地反映不同考生之间的学科知识和能力差异。此外,研究还为将来提高高考命题和评阅质量提供合理化建议。 相似文献
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Steven R. H. Beach Nader Amir 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2006,28(3):169-176
Using the Sample-specific simulation method proposed by J. Ruscio, A. M. Ruscio, and T. M. Keane (2004), the S. R. H. Beach and N. Amir (2003) data are re-analyzed. The results for the MAXEIG and MAMBAC procedures are compared across simulated dimensional, simulated taxonic, and original distributions. The comparison indicates that depression is taxonic in the S. R. H. Beach and N. Amir (2003) sample but has a lower base (.06) than previously reported. This result indicates the need to use a relatively high cut point on total Beck Depression Inventory (i.e., BDI>21; A. T. Beck, 1978) when creating groups using the BDI. That is, the data support the presence of a discontinuity between “depressed” and “nondepressed” undergraduates at a relatively high level of depressive symptomatology. At the same time, it is noted that researchers should remain cautious about the interpretation of taxometric procedures used with low base rate taxa until they have been further investigated using Monte Carlo simulations.
相似文献
Steven R. H. BeachEmail: |
637.
Soo Jeong Youn Nhi-Ha Trinh Irene Shyu Trina Chang Maurizio Fava Joseph Kvedar Albert Yeung 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2013,13(1):74-80
This study explored the feasibility of using Internet social networking media in an online program for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) screening and psychoeducation targeting college students. A Facebook advertisement targeted students at five colleges in the United States to complete a mental health research survey that screened for MDD using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Students who screened positive for MDD were offered an eightweek follow-up survey. Of the 259 students who consented to participate in the study, 26.7% screened positive for MDD, while only 14.2% were receiving treatment. The use of Facebook to advertise for online screening for MDD required very little start-up time, and the average cost was $11.45 per subject recruited. It is feasible to use online, commercially available social networking media such as Facebook for online screening for MDD among college students. However, conducting online screening and offering treatment resources alone did not increase treatment rate in this population. 相似文献
638.
The present study sought to examine for how loneliness and sexual assault are involved in predicting suicidal risk (viz., hopelessness & suicide probability) in a sample of 334 college students. Specifically, we were interested in examining whether sexual assault may play an additive as well as interactive role in the prediction of suicidal risk above and beyond loneliness. Results from regression analyses indicated that both loneliness and sexual assault were important and unique predictors of suicidal risk in students. Moreover, consistent with expectations, we found support for a Loneliness × Sexual Assault interaction in predicting both hopelessness and suicide probability. Inspection of the interactions indicated that the highest levels of suicidal risk were present for lonely students who had experienced some form of sexual assault. Some important implications of the present findings are discussed. 相似文献
639.
为了考察正念、个人成长主动性(PGI)与智慧推理之间的关系,采用五因素正念量表、个人成长主动性量表与智慧推理量表对242名18-27岁成年早期的大学生进行调查,探讨正念对智慧推理的影响,并检验个人成长主动性的中介效应模型。结果发现:(1)正念对智慧推理水平具有显著的正向影响;(2)个人成长主动性在正念对智慧推理的影响中发挥部分中介作用。 相似文献
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