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排序方式: 共有171条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
Elliot Noma 《Psychometrika》1987,52(3):463-468
Kuhfeld (1986) has proposed several alternative scatterplot routines with labeled points. To this list is added a heuristic routine that repositions labels to eliminate overlap while attempting to maximize the number of labels presented in a metric plot.I would like to thank the reviewer of a previous version of this paper for several excellent suggestions for future modifications of both the label positioning routine and the overall plotting package. 相似文献
73.
Adam Michael Bricker 《Metaphilosophy》2020,51(4):499-521
Multiple epistemological programs make use of intuitive judgments pertaining to an individual’s ability to gain knowledge from exclusively probabilistic/statistical information. This paper argues that these judgments likely form without deference to such information, instead being a function of the degree to which having knowledge is representative of an agent. Thus, these judgments fit the pattern of formation via a representativeness heuristic, like that famously described by Kahneman and Tversky to explain similar probabilistic judgments. Given this broad insensitivity to probabilistic/statistical information, it directly follows that these epistemic judgments are insensitive to a given agent’s epistemic status. From this, the paper concludes that, breaking with common epistemological practice, we cannot assume that such judgments are reliable. 相似文献
74.
75.
顿悟:是进程监控还是表征转换 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当前解释顿悟问题解决机制的理论主要有表征转换理论和进程监控理论。进程监控理论主要解释了顿悟问题为什么困难,但事实上它并没有说明顿悟问题为什么会解决,只回答了在什么情况下被试才会寻求其他的方法,而且它把顿悟问题解决的一般过程看成是同常规问题解决方法相同的过程。而表征转换理论主要解释了顿悟是如何获得的——顿悟的获得是由于问题解决者对问题的表征实现了正确的转变,但它并没有解释表征什么时候、怎么样才能转变?顿悟问题的解决经历了三个认知加工阶段,顿悟问题的解决需要在消除定势情况下激活正确的启发信息(线索),并验证了顿悟问题的原型激活和关键启发信息理论假说。 相似文献
76.
Jha SR 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》1998,19(6):547-568
The purpose of this paper is to introduce an approach to clinical practice aiming to resolve the dilemma of choosing between a mechanistic and a phenomenological model. The approach is an extension of Polanyi's epistemology. Michael Polanyi (1891–1976), devised an epistemology of science which overcomes the problem of detachment, inherent in the mechanistic approach, and resolves the problem of subjectivity troubling phenomenologists. His epistemology is known as Personal Knowledge. An extension of this epistemology, a Neo-Polanyian proposal, is offered as a more successful model for clinical practice than previous suggestions addressing the dilemma. 相似文献
77.
对FOK的线索熟悉性假说的重新检验 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
本研究的主要目标的,在于对FOK的线索熟悉性假说进行重新检验。研究发现:如果采用1*2设计而不是原来的1*4设计并且增大处理间的对比力度的话,就可以观察到某些原来不能被观察到的关键性差异,而这些差异是FOK的线索熟悉性假说不能解释的。 相似文献
78.
79.
Cristina Mollica Luca Tardella 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2022,75(2):334-362
The Plackett-Luce model (PL) for ranked data assumes the forward order of the ranking process. This hypothesis postulates that the ranking process of the items is carried out by sequentially assigning the positions from the top (most liked) to the bottom (least liked) alternative. This assumption has been recently relaxed with the Extended Plackett-Luce model (EPL) through the introduction of the discrete reference order parameter, describing the rank attribution path. By starting from two formal properties of the EPL, the former related to the inverse ordering of the item probabilities at the first and last stage of the ranking process and the latter well-known as independence of irrelevant alternatives (or Luce's choice axiom), we derive novel diagnostic tools for testing the appropriateness of the EPL assumption as the actual sampling distribution of the observed rankings. These diagnostic tools can help uncovering possible idiosyncratic paths in the sequential choice process. Besides contributing to fill the gap of goodness-of-fit methods for the family of multistage models, we also show how one of the two statistics can be conveniently exploited to construct a heuristic method, that surrogates the maximum likelihood approach for inferring the underlying reference order parameter. The relative performance of the proposals, compared with more conventional approaches, is illustrated by means of extensive simulation studies. 相似文献
80.
The effects of scenario-based risk information on perceptions of susceptibility to Chlamydia and HIV
Fraukje E. F. Mevissen Rob A. C. Ruiter Ree M. Meertens Herman P. Schaalma 《Psychology & health》2013,28(10):1161-1174
AbstractObjectives: The Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) was originally reported as one-dimensional; however, habit has been described as characterised by several features. Moreover, one-dimensional models for the SRHI have demonstrated poor fit. Therefore, we aimed to compare multidimensional models with a one-dimensional model in both snacking and physical activity habits, besides examining further instrument characteristics.Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted with high school and university students (n?=?555).Main outcome measure: The SRHI adapted for physical activity and for snaking habits was applied at one time point.Results: Nested models with one factor, two factors and three factors were compared. Next, a hierarchical second-order model was tested, and further validity issues, as well as invariance between habits, were examined. Three-dimensional models represented a better fit for both habits. However, fit was still inadequate in the snacking version. In addition, discriminant validity concerns emerged for the physical activity SRHI. Moreover, invariance between the snacking and the physical activity versions was not confirmed.Conclusions: Considering the SRHI as composed by the dimensions of ‘lack of awareness’, ‘lack of control’ and ‘history of behavioural repetition’ seems to be more accurate. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that further research is needed. 相似文献