大学生自我同一性状态与人格特征的相关研究

文章探讨了大学生自我同一性状态与人格变量之间的关系。通过相关分析发现,不同的自我同一性状态与不同的人格特征相联系,呈现不同的人格特征,四种自我同一性状态在每一人格维度上存在一定的差异,尤其是在成熟、高级的自我同一性和低级的自我同一性之间人格特征的差异更大。研究进一步证明自我同一性的形成是大学生发展追求的核心主题,它标志着人格的完善。     

男性吸毒者吸毒行为与人格、自尊和社会支持的关系研究

本文探讨了个体心理变量(人格特质、自尊)和环境变量(社会支持、生活状况)对男性吸毒者吸毒行为的影响。结果表明:(1)男性吸毒者的人格特质、自尊、社会支持、生活状况与吸毒行为存在部分相关;(2)回归分析表明人格特质、自尊和社会支持都影响吸毒行为,人格特质又影响社会支持,社会支持影响自尊;(3)路径分析证明,人格特质→社会支持→自尊→吸毒行为的假设关系成立。     

The Sixteen Strivings for God

Abstract. A psychological theory of religious experiences, sensitivity theory, is proposed. Whereas other theories maintain that religious motivation is about a few overarching desires, sensitivity theory provides a multifaceted analysis consistent with the diversity, richness, and individuality of religious experiences. Sixteen basic desires show the psychological foundations of meaningful experience. Each basic desire is embraced by every person, but to different extents. How we prioritize the basic desires expresses our individuality and influences our attraction to various religious images and activities. Each basic desire is associated with a basic goal and a unique joy, such as love, self‐worth, relaxation, or strength. We do not seek to experience joys infinitely; we regulate joys, in accordance with our core values, to sixteen balance points (sensitivities) that vary based on individuality. Religions help persons of faith regulate the sixteen basic joys by providing some images that strengthen joyful experiences and others that weaken them. We can strengthen our experience of self‐ worth, for example, by contemplating God in the image of savior; we can weaken our experience of self‐worth by contemplating original sin. The theory of sixteen basic desires is testable scientifically and suggests such philosophical concepts as value‐based happiness.     

The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Reflective Judgment Among Female Students

Forty-three female undergraduate and graduate students preparing for careers as educators provided Omnibus Personality Inventory and Reflective Judgment Interview data. The sample included 14 seniors, 15 master's candidates, and 14 doctoral candidates. Each educational level group included participants with a range of intellectual disposition scores as measured by the Omnibus Personality Inventory. Scores on six scales of the Omnibus Personality Inventory correlated significantly with Reflective Judgment Interview scores (p < .05): thinking introversion, response bias, altruism, autonomy, complexity, and theoretical orientation. These findings support the conclusion that postformal reasoning, as described in P. M. King and K. S. Kitchener's (1994) reflective judgment model of cognitive development, is related to measurable personality traits.     

目标设置理论研究综述

该文主要介绍了目标设置理论的研究重点和主要的研究结果、目标设置理论的基本元素和高绩效循环模式,并总结了目标与满意感和性格的关系方面的研究结果。文章最后提出了目标设置理论的新的研究方向。     

女性犯罪者的人格、应付方式、情境因素与犯罪行为研究

采用问卷法,对434名6类犯罪女性的人格、应付方式、情境因素(社会支持、负面生活事件)与犯罪行为的关系进行研究。结果表明,女性犯罪者的人格、应付方式、负面生活事件对不同犯罪类型的女性犯罪行为有不同预测力,不同女性犯罪类型有不同的回归方程;社会支持对女性犯罪行为的影响不显著。     

Changing Ideas About the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder

Systematic treatment outcome studies and research on the structure and origins of the disorder are challenging many traditional ideas about the nature and treatment of borderline personality disorder. On the basis of this research, it is argued that a comprehensive treatment requires an eclectic approach that uses an array of interventions drawn from different therapeutic models that are delivered in an integrated and coordinated way. Such an approach conceptualizes treatment in terms of generic strategies designed to build an effective alliance and treat core self and interpersonal pathology and specific interventions to treat the various components of the disorder. It is also argued that there may be limits to the extent to which some aspects of borderline pathology can be changed. Borderline personality disorder is often a chronic condition that is best managed using a rehabilitation model.     

Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Depression with Comorbid Borderline Personality Traits

Personality dysfunction can influence the onset and maintenance of depressive symptoms. When both depression and personality dysfunction are present, it is important to develop an integrated treatment plan that addresses both conditions. A case example is used to illustrate how features of borderline personality disorder can influence the assessment and treatment of major depression. Specific challenges encountered by the therapist include: 1) differentiating borderline personality from depressive symptoms, 2) maintaining the therapeutic alliance, 3) managing impulsivity and self-destructive tendencies, 4) staying focused on long-term therapeutic goals, and 5) coping with noncompliance. Over the course of 27 sessions, the client was able to make positive changes in mood, self-image, and impulsive tendencies. Although the client's borderline personality traits complicated the course of treatment for depression, neglecting these personality problems would have left the client vulnerable to depressive relapse.     

以“法德共治”多重机制塑造市场主体的德性人格

诚信是市场经济的健康发展的基本前提之一。在社会实践的具体过程中 ,诚信必须人格化 ,转化为德性人格 ,这样才会行之有效。德性人格不仅是协定“契约”的普遍准则 ,而且还更应该是市场主体的内在素质。德性人格的形成 ,唯一可靠的现实途径 ,就是在法德共治条件下 ,形成德性人格生长的多重机制。