微博网民情绪敏感度、行为意向与执行意向的关系

对891位网民问卷调查分析,探讨了网民的情绪敏感度、集群行为意向和执行意向的关系。结果显示情绪敏感度与感知一致性、行为意向和执行意向均存在显著正向关联;情绪敏感度、感知一致性和行为意向三个变量的交互作用对执行意向的影响是显著的,进一步的研究发现在低感知一致性组中,情绪敏感度在行为意向对执行意向的影响中存在调节作用,具体表现为与低情绪敏感度的网民相比,当高情绪敏感度的网民感知到信息与行为的不一致结果时,行为意向对其执行意向的预测作用更强。     

结构化面试中的评分一致性问题初探

面试由于其直观、灵活的方式及良好的效度而被广泛应用于各类组织机构的人员招聘与录用中。但在多个评分员对一个应试者的面试中 ,评分员间的评分一致性问题是一个关键问题。本文以中央国家机关某部二组评分员对应试者的评分为研究对象 ,对国家公务员录用考试结构化面试中的评分员评分一致性问题进行了初步的探讨与分析。得到的结论如下 :1 .从总体上看 ,两组评分员的成员间在对应聘同一职位的不同应试者的评分在评分标准上是基本一致的 ;2 .不同的评分维度 (测评要素 )对评分员的评分一致性有不同的影响 ;3 .应试者在面试时的表现也会影响评分员的评分一致性 ;4.评分员有关面试的知识和经验水平对评分一致性也有重要的影响。     

A latent state-trait anxiety model and its application to determine consistency and specificity coefficients

Abstract

In the present study the consistency model (Steyer, 1987) was applied to data gathered with the German version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Laux, Glanzmann, Schaffner, and Spielberger, 1981). The questionnaire was presented twice to 64 university students with an interval of two months between first and second testing. The consistency and specificity coefficients, estimated by LISREL (Jöreskog and Sörbom, 1984), support the state-trait distinction. The state variables have high specificity and consistency coefficients; the trait variables, in contrast, have high consistency coefficients but low or even negligible specificity coefficients. The discussion points out the advantages of the consistency model over the stability model; the most important advantage is that the theoretical structure of the consistency model is more appropriate for the type of application considered. It contains a state factor for each occasion of measurement and a trait factor common to all occasions of measurement. In the stability model, only latent states, but no latent traits occur. Consistency, specificity, and reliability can be identified as proportions of variance determined by latent variables specified in the model. Therefore, data analysis provides statistics concerning the practical significance of the trait and of the effects of situations and/or interactions.     

Predicting Accuracy and Liking Ratings for Bogus and Real Personality Feedback

After taking the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF), 119 students subsequently received computer-generated traditional bogus (Barnum) and real (16 PF) interpretations. Each subject rated both interpretations for accuracy and likability on a 13-point scale and then chose (forced choice) which interpretation was the more accurate and which one they liked better. Barnum feedback was judged significantly more accurate than real feedback, but not better liked. Stepwise multiple-regression analyses of all dependent measures indicated that 16 PF sten scores accounted for significant amounts of variance in 16 PF Accuracy and Liking scores and in the various preference measures.     

Using Potential Performance Theory to Test Five Hypotheses About Meta-Attribution

The aim of this study was to compare the reaction times and errors of Spanish children with developmental dyslexia to the reaction times and errors of readers without dyslexia on a masked lexical decision task with identity or repetition priming. A priming paradigm was used to study the role of the lexical deficit in dyslexic children, manipulating the frequency and length of the words, with a short Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA = 150 ms) and degraded stimuli. The sample consisted of 80 participants from 9 to 14 years old, divided equally into a group with a developmental dyslexia diagnosis and a control group without dyslexia. Results show that identity priming is higher in control children (133 ms) than in dyslexic children (55 ms). Thus, the “frequency” and “word length” variables are not the source or origin of this reduction in identity priming reaction times in children with developmental dyslexia compared to control children.     

Koopmans’ constant discounting for intertemporal choice: A simplification and a generalization

Koopmans provided a well-known preference axiomatization for discounted utility, the most widely used model for maximizing intertemporal choice. There were, however, some technical problems in his analysis. For example, there was an unforeseen implication of bounded utility. Some partial solutions have been advanced in various fields in the literature. The technical problems in Koopmans’ analysis obscure the appeal of his intuitive axioms. This paper completely resolves Koopmans’ technical problems. In particular, it obtains complete flexibility concerning the utility functions that can be used. This paper, thus, provides a clean and complete preference axiomatization of discounted utility, clarifying the appeal of Koopmans’ intuitive axioms.     

Projecting group liking and ethnocentrism on in-group members: False consensus effect of attitude strength

The purpose of the present study was to examine the social projection effect concerning the strength of national attitudes. Japanese respondents sampled from the general population judged how patriotic and nationalistic opinions were distributed among Japanese (i.e. in-group) and American (out-group) citizens. The respondents' own positions regarding these attitude dimensions were also measured. As predicted, the respondents inflated estimates of the endorsement for positions close to their own, particularly when the target was the in-group. Estimates of opinion distributions in the out-group converged around stereotypic positions. The apparent projection effect in patriotism (i.e. in-group liking) was likely mediated by abstract trait evaluations of the home country, while the projection of nationalism (i.e. ethnocentrism) appeared to be a direct result of projection without such mediation. Different processes such as the motivation for cognitive consistency and the need to achieve social identity of the group were suggested to underlie projection effects in different domains. Implications of the results for the study of stereotyping and intergroup conflict are discussed.     

Trait personality and state variability: Predicting individual differences in within- and cross-context fluctuations in affect,self-evaluations,and behavior in everyday life

Prior research on the effects of personality on the variability of states has either not assessed states in real-life contexts or not incorporated meaningful contextual information when analyzing state variability. Providing an integrated contextualized approach, we introduce the Within and Across Context (WAC) Variability framework that disentangles real-life within-person fluctuations occurring within and across real-life contexts. To illustrate the utility of this framework, we investigated effects of Big Five personality traits on the level and the within- and cross-context variability of experience-sampled states (affect, self-esteem, behavior) of psychology freshmen (N = 118). Results provide initial empirical support for the meaningful separation of within- and cross-context variability and their distinct relations to personality.     

义符启动范式下家族大小和类别一致性对义符语义激活的影响

采用义符启动范式,考察不同加工深度任务中家族大小和类别一致性对义符语义激活的影响。结果发现:在词汇判断中,家族大小影响义符的语义激活,大家族义符的语义不容易激活,小家族义符的语义容易激活。在语义相关判断中,类别一致性影响义符的语义激活,类别一致性高的义符的语义容易激活,并且在错误率上,这一影响受义符的家族大小调节。义符类别一致性影响义符家族效应的作用方向:当类别一致性低时,出现抑制的家族效应;当类别一致性高时,家族效应无影响或表现为促进作用。