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931.
组织支持对工作压力的中介效应研究——基于知识型员工样本的实证分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用中介变量分析的一般范式,以知识型员工为研究样本,实证检验了组织支持在工作压力源与压力反应之间的中介效应。研究表明:组织支持在良性压力源(如任务要求、能力要求)与积极压力反应(如组织承诺、工作满意度、工作参与感)之间发挥显著的中介作用;在负性压力源(如人际冲突、组织结构问题、时间冲突)与积极和消极压力反应(如消极工作情绪)之间都发挥显著的缓冲作用。管理者在知识型员工压力管理过程中,应高度重视组织支持的中介缓冲作用。 相似文献
932.
通过三个实验考察材料特有的内在因素差异对学习判断及其孤立效应的影响,选取814名的高一学生作为被试,男女各半。实验一是探讨性质不同的孤立项目对学习判断及其孤立效应的影响;实验二是探讨层次差异不同的同质项目对学习判断及其孤立效应的影响;实验三是探讨孤立项目的序列位置对学习判断及其孤立效应的影响。结果表明:在不同材料中,材料的性质的差异越大,孤立效应越显著,证明了孤立材料的距离效应;在同质材料中,材料内部层次差异越大,孤立效应越显著,证明了孤立材料的幅度效应;在学习判断中,不管孤立项目的序列位置处于前位还是后位,都存在孤立效应,且材料中孤立项目的位置越靠后面,其孤立效应就越明显,证明了孤立材料的后位效应。 相似文献
933.
学习判断是元认知判断的一种重要形式,是对未来回忆成绩的预测。重复学习判断中的低自信效应是一个有趣而反常的现象,指在重复学习测验中,学习判断往往低估了回忆成绩的增加,出现低自信的一种现象。目前,大部分实验证据支持重复学习判断中的低自信效应是普遍存在的,但也有一些实验结果表明该效应是受一定条件限制的。对于这种低自信效应的作用机制,研究者提出了不同的理论模型(如,锚定调整假说、记忆偏向消除理论、过去测验记忆的启发式假说等)进行了深入探讨。最后,文章还指出了此领域现有研究的局限和有待研究的问题 相似文献
934.
注意在短时距估计中的作用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
注意一直是时间知觉研究的一个重要问题。本文综述了研究已经取得一些较为一致的结果:在双任务程序中对时间任务的注意越多,时距估计越准确;在单一任务中对目标刺激的时间属性注意越多,对该刺激的持续时距估计越准确;在时间导向任务中,个体可以有效地、主动把注意导向未来的某段时距,那么将对出现在那个时刻的刺激做出更好的反应。最后,讨论了现有研究中存在的、以及今后研究中需要着重考虑的问题。 相似文献
935.
Stroop稀释效应是指在Stroop效应的色词-色块范式中若增加无关词作为分心刺激,Stroop效应将被大大削弱的现象。文章回顾了Stroop稀释效应的相关研究及理论解释,并对这些理论进行了分析和比较。最后,对未来的研究趋势作了展望。 相似文献
936.
937.
This study compared the effects of suppression, focused-distraction, and concentration on controlling unwanted distressing thoughts, and examined how anxiety levels were associated with the use of each thought-control technique. In the study, college students were told to suppress thoughts about a distressing story, to suppress the same thoughts by focusing on an alternative distraction task, to simply concentrate on that alternative task, or to think about anything without restrictions for 6 minutes. This initial period was followed by a “free-thinking” period to assess the delayed effect of thought-control techniques. The results indicated that focused-distraction and concentration led to fewer intrusions of target thoughts than suppression, and concentration in turn resulted in fewer target intrusions than focused-distraction during the initial period. Participants in the focused-distraction and concentration condition also tended to report lower anxiety during the initial period than those who were told to suppress thoughts. 相似文献
938.
Number processing is characterized by the distance and the size effect, but symbolic numbers exhibit smaller effects than non-symbolic numerosities. The difference between symbolic and non-symbolic processing can either be explained by a different kind of underlying representation or by parametric differences within the same type of underlying representation. We performed a primed naming study to investigate this issue. Prime and target format were manipulated (digits or collections of dots) as well as the numerical distance between prime and target value. Qualitatively different priming patterns were observed for the two formats, showing that the underlying representations differed in kind: Digits activated mental number representations of the place coding type, while collections of dots activated number representations of the summation coding type. 相似文献
939.
An object that moves is spotted almost effortlessly; it "pops out". When the observer is stationary, a moving object is uniquely identified by retinal motion. This is not so when the observer is also moving; as the eye travels through space all scene objects change position relative to the eye producing a complicated field of retinal motion. Without the unique identifier of retinal motion an object moving relative to the scene should be difficult to locate. Using a search task, we investigated this proposition. Computer-rendered objects were moved and transformed in a manner consistent with movement of the observer. Despite the complex pattern of retinal motion, objects moving relative to the scene were found to pop out. We suggest the brain uses its sensitivity to optic flow to "stabilise" the scene, allowing the scene-relative movement of an object to be identified. 相似文献
940.
Viewing a threatening stimulus can bias visual attention toward that location. Such effects have typically been investigated only in the visual modality, despite the fact that many threatening stimuli are most dangerous when close to or in contact with the body. Recent multisensory research indicates that a neutral visual stimulus, such as a light flash, can lead to a tactile attention shift towards a nearby body part. Here, we investigated whether the threat value of a visual stimulus modulates its effect on attention to touch. Participants made speeded discrimination responses about tactile stimuli presented to one or other hand, preceded by a picture cue (snake, spider, flower or mushroom) presented close to the same or the opposite hand. Pictures of snakes led to a significantly greater tactile attentional facilitation effect than did non-threatening pictures of flowers and mushrooms. Furthermore, there was a correlation between self-reported fear of snakes and spiders and the magnitude of early facilitation following cues of that type. These findings demonstrate that the attentional bias towards threat extends to the tactile modality and indicate that perceived threat value can modulate the cross-modal effect that a visual cue has on attention to touch. 相似文献