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961.
对变化/分割模型的检验(Ⅱ) 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
在前一报告的基础上设计了两个实验,对变化/分割模型做进一步的检验。实验3控制目标时距和该时距内的填充数字系列的分割段数以及段的持续时间,操纵段内的项目数;结果显示,数字系列的分割段数明显影响延迟操作条件下的时距估计,而段内的项目数则不影响对时距的估计。实验4控制目标时距和该时距内填充数字系列的分割段数以及段内的项目数,操纵段的持续时间;结果显示,对时距的估计取决于被试所使用的时间标尺。四个实验结果表明,变化/分割模型只有较高的预测效度,但也有不足之处。为了更好地从认知的观点解释时距估计的影响因素,作者对已提出的分段综合模型做了进一步的论证,并认为分段综合模型是一个能较完整解释影响人类时距估计的各种因素的理论模型。 相似文献
962.
Björn Meyer Sheri L. Johnson Charles S. Carver 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1999,21(4):275-292
We explored cross-sectionally the roles in bipolar spectrum symptomatology of two broad motivational systems that are thought to control levels of responsiveness to cues of threat and reward, the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and the Behavioral Activation System (BAS). Undergraduate students (n = 357) completed questionnaires regarding (a) bipolar spectrum disorders [the General Behavior Inventory (GBI), a well-established clinical screening measure], (b) current depression and mania symptoms (the Internal State Scale; ISS), and (c) BIS/BAS sensitivities (the BIS/BAS scales). Validated cutoff scores on the GBI were used to identify individuals at risk for a mood disorder. It was hypothesized that, among at-risk respondents, high BAS and low BIS levels would be associated with high current mania ratings, whereas low BAS and high BIS would be associated with high current depression ratings. Multiple regression analyses indicated that, among at-risk individuals (n = 63), BAS accounted for 27% of current mania symptoms but BIS did not contribute. For these individuals, BAS and BIS were both significant and together accounted for 44% of current depressive symptoms. 相似文献
963.
964.
Wilfried Allaerts 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1999,30(1):155-171
Biological self reference idioms in brain-centered or nervous-system-centered self determination of the consious Self reveal
an interesting contrast with biological self-determination by immunological self/non-self discrimination. This contrast is
both biological and epistemological. In contrast to the consciousness conscious of itself, the immunological self-determination
imposes a protective mechanism against self-recognition (Coutinho et al. 1984), which adds to a largely unconscious achievement
of the biological Self (Popper 1977; Medawar 1959). The latter viewpoint is in contrast with the immunological Self-determination
as an essentially cognitive process as expressed in the analysis of Tauber (1994). Comparison of the immune system in vertebrates
and invertebrates, according to new biological insights, has contributed to a better understanding of the relative role of
innate (or inherited) immunity versus immunity acquired during each individual life. Also in this respect, immunological self-achievement
shows both a striking analogy and a fundamental discrepancy with the activity of the nervous system.
The analysis of immunological Self/non-self discrimination versus brain-centered self-determination adds to the understanding
of the function paradigm in biological self-reference idioms, especially when regarding the importance of the connectivity
notion in both systems. Adopting functional explanatory schemes for understanding immunological self-non-self discrimination,
as well as for the understanding of functional mapping of the brain at (conscious) activity (Friston et al. 1993; Frith et
al. 1995), forwards the notion of effective/functional connectivity. Network connectivity not only is a primary question in
solving the dimensionality question for immunological ‘idiotypic networks’ (Jerne 1974a, b; 1984), it may also have an important
value in describing phase transitions in the development of both immune and nervous systems.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
965.
In this paper, I introduce a prominent classical scholar, József Balogh, whose work can be read as a significant contribution to the historiography of ancient, and in some sense modern, philosophy. Following a summary biography, I sketch the relevance of Balogh's interpretation of Augustine. I draw some analogies between his and Eric Havelock's treatment of the problems in ancient philosophy, and argue that the obvious similarities between them have a common origin, namely the perspective of the orality/literacy chasm which both treated, in connection with their research into Augustine and Plato, as crucial. Subsequently, I show how the problem of reading aloud, which Balogh was the first to treat systematically, has acquired significance in some current debates in philosophy. 相似文献
966.
内隐知识表征的性质与研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
内隐学习是当分认知和学习领域经内隐记忆之后又一重要的研究课题。其中,关于内隐学习所获知识的性质问题是最具争议的问题之一,本文介绍了在这个问题上的三种主要观点:抽象观、分布的例子基础观、片断观,并对各种观点的实验性证据进行了总结和分析。 相似文献
967.
Jeremy A. Sabloff 《Science and engineering ethics》1999,5(3):347-354
This article examines the question of how can museum professionals and the interested public resolve the competing claims
of traditional ownership and continuing scientific research in relation to museum collections.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at a symposium entitled “Ethics in Science: Special Problems in Anthropology
and Archaeology” held at the 1998 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Philadelphia,
PA, 15 February, 1998. 相似文献
968.
学习成绩差与成绩好学生短时记忆特点的比较研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
本研究比较了小学1、3、5年级学习成绩好/差学生在图片、数字、词汇记忆上的特点。结果表明:(1)在图片记忆上,两组儿童的成绩没有差异。1、3年级优差生间的差异主要在数字与具体词汇记忆中;5年级两组学生的差异主要在数字与抽象词汇记忆中。(2)从提示/非提示及击中虚假刺激的结果看,两组儿童在记忆上的差异部分地是由于策略运用上的差异。经过提示,学习不良儿童在数字和词汇记忆上的成绩有了提高。 相似文献
969.
Peter P. Kirschenmann 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1991,22(1):61-72
The recent turn to the context of discovery and other postmodernist developments in the philosophy of science have undermined the idea of a universal rationality of science. This parallels the fate of the classical dream of a logic of discovery. Still, justificational questions have remained as a distinct perspective, though comprising both consequential and generative justification — an insight delayed by certain confusions about the (original) context distinction. An examination of one particular heuristic strategy shows its local rationality; even as an efficient procedure of hypothesis generation, it carries probative weight. It will be explored in which respects such a strategy can be normative or contain normative elements.Parts of this paper were published, in summary fashion, in Kirschenmann (1989). 相似文献
970.
David R. Breed 《Zygon》1991,26(1):149-175
Abstract. This third installment in David Breed's intellectual biography of Ralph Wendell Burhoe focuses upon the impact of his thought on the Unitarian Universalist Association and that group's role in Burhoe's career. Dana McLean Greeley, elected president of the American Unitarian Association in 1958, was a key figure in Burhoe's eventual participation in the project, "The Free Church in a Changing World." Burhoe's emphasis on the need for doctrine that could communicate religious wisdom in terms of science stood in tension with free-church tradition. Nevertheless, the section of the project's final report, titled "Theology and the Frontiers of Learning," largely accepted Burhoe's program for a new natural theology based on science. This project brought Burhoe's program to the attention of the denomination and led to the invitation in 1964 from Malcolm Sutherland, on behalf of Meadville/Lombard Theological School in Chicago, of which he was president, for Burhoe to implement his program in the new curriculum of that school. Burhoe accepted. 相似文献