The influence of violent and nonviolent computer games on implicit measures of aggressiveness

We examined the causal relationship between playing violent video games and increases in aggressiveness by using implicit measures of aggressiveness, which have become important for accurately predicting impulsive behavioral tendencies. Ninety‐six adults were randomly assigned to play one of three versions of a computer game that differed only with regard to game content (violent, peaceful, or abstract game), or to work on a reading task. In the games the environmental context, mouse gestures, and physiological arousal—as indicated by heart rate and skin conductance—were kept constant. In the violent game soldiers had to be shot, in the peaceful game sunflowers had to be watered, and the abstract game simply required clicking colored triangles. Five minutes of play did not alter trait aggressiveness, yet an Implicit Association Test detected a change in implicit aggressive self‐concept. Playing a violent game produced a significant increase in implicit aggressive self‐concept relative to playing a peaceful game. The well‐controlled study closes a gap in the research on the causality of the link between violence exposure in computer games and aggressiveness with specific regard to implicit measures. We discuss the significance of importing recent social–cognitive theory into aggression research and stress the need for further development of aggression‐related implicit measures. Aggr. Behav. 36:1–13, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

重视非抗心律失常药物的致心律失常作用

抗心律失常药物的致心律失常作用近年来已得到心血管科医生的广泛关注,但在临床实践中观察,对于一些非抗心律失常药,如抗生素、精神类药物等,在发挥他们相应的药理效应同时,可引起心动过缓、心动过速、传导阻滞,甚至致命性心律失常,而其致心律失常效应往往没有引起关注,强化非心脏药物致心律失常作用的意识,了解其可能的机制及促发因素都是必要的。     

子宫内膜异位症导致不孕机理探讨

近年来的研究表明了EMT和不孕之间存在较强的相关性,但是两者之间的因果关系和发病机制目前仍存在争议。本文对子宫内膜异位症与不孕之间机理探讨是从分析和综合相结合的认识方法来达到掌握两者关系的本质及其规律性的目的。遵循这样科学的发展战略才能更有利于人类医学领域的繁荣发展。     

情绪生理机制研究的外周与中枢神经系统整合模型

阐明人类情绪的生理机制是心理学家和神经科学家所面临的巨大挑战。以往研究倾向于分别考察情绪的外周反应模式和脑机制。近年来,随着情绪电生理学和认知神经科学的发展,许多研究者从外周与中枢神经系统相互作用的角度,提出了一些解释情绪生理机制的整合模型。其中,以情绪环路模型和神经内脏整合模型为典型代表。前者强调由外周到中枢的自下而上的加工方式,试图说明情绪经验形成的机制;后者则采取由中枢到外周的自上而下的加工方式,试图阐明情绪调控的机制。今后的研究有必要借鉴这两个模型,并结合近期有关情绪信息加工神经机制的新成果,以便构建能够更为全面解释人类情绪的生理模型。     

医务社会工作与医疗志愿服务联动机制的实践研究

医务社会工作与医疗志愿服务联动对于构建和谐医患关系、提高医院的医疗服务水平和质量具有重要作用。从医务社会工作和医疗志愿服务的发展状况入手,对医务社会工作与医疗志愿服务联动的必要性、联动机制、策略和具体实践进行了探讨,提出要有针对性地采取相应的措施来提高联动的效果,如推进医务社会工作与医疗志愿服务的项目化的建设及建立医疗志愿者服务团队的激励机制。这些实践和探索为医疗机构创新和优化医疗服务模式提供了参考依据。     

Development of synaesthetic consistency: Repeated autonomous engagement with graphemes and colours leads to consistent associations

Synaesthetic consistency is the hallmark of synaesthesia and plays an important role in the definition and validation of synaesthesia. It has been hypothesised that the acquisition of initially unspecified synaesthetic associations is based on consolidation processes. Thus, we investigated in non-synaesthetes whether repeatedly engaging with grapheme-colour associations mimics the developmental trajectory of synaesthetic consistency in genuine grapheme-colour synaesthesia. This was the case for the two tested experimental groups, irrespective of whether they were instructed to memorize their chosen associations, but not for the passive control group. Moreover, consolidated associations of the experimental groups resembled those frequently found in genuine synaesthesia. Furthermore, the acquisition of consistent grapheme-colour associations resulted in a transfer of benefits to performance in recognition memory for abstract stimuli, as also found in genuine synaesthesia. Our findings suggest that consistent synaesthetic associations are based on consolidation processes due to repeated engagement with graphemes and colours.     

失独者爱哀交加的情思活动及其反刍机制研究

通过扎根理论方法悬置失独研究中的哀伤视角,呈现失独心理的复杂内涵和动态机制。结果发现哀伤只是失独者的部分体验,失独心理是爱哀交加的复杂情思。失独者具有念好、牵挂和感伤三种情思活动,念好和牵挂均伴生爱体验,念好的基础思维是回忆,伴生爱惜之情,牵挂的基础思维是想象,伴生关爱之情;感伤的基础思维是比较,伴生哀体验。空闲、独处、旧环境是影响念好和牵挂的重要因素;人生期待、文化氛围、事件界定是影响感伤的重要因素。三种情思活动间存在反刍成瘾机制。

     

医学教育办学体制机制的国际比较、差距及思考

对英国、德国、日本和美国发达国家在招生、学制学位、课程和质量保障方面的运行运转等信息进行了整理,并与我国的相关情况进行比较。就我国的医学院校招生规模、医学生录取选拔方式、专业学习时间设置、实习质量保障、医师资格考试与医学教育均值性评价、课程体系建设理念6个方面,分别对比并分析了目前我国与上述4个国家之间存在的差距和亟需改进的问题。结合我国医学教育的体制机制,从保障和提升医学人才选择与培养的质量控制和全过程角度提出建议。

     

儿童的人际运动同步

人际运动同步是一种“社会胶粘剂”,能促进儿童产生更多的亲社会行为。儿童的人际运动同步能力随着年龄的增长不断提升,其同步表现受到运动方式、节奏刺激类型、同步对象等因素影响。在人际运动同步过程中,时间感知、运动计划和运动执行三大认知因素参与其中,既制约着个体同步能力的发展,也影响个体同步的表现。孤独症作为一种神经发育性障碍,孤独症儿童表现出异常的人际运动同步。未来的研究不仅要探讨孤独症儿童人际运动同步的异常机制,还要更多关注人际运动同步训练在孤独症群体中的实际应用和干预效果。