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541.
Perceiving Other Planets: Bodily Experience,Interpretation, and the Mars Orbiter Camera 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Robert Rosenberger 《Human Studies》2008,31(1):63-75
An emerging philosophical perspective called “postphenomenology,” which offers reflection upon human relations to technology,
has the potential to increase our understanding of the functions performed by imaging technologies in scientific practice.
In what follows, I review some relevant insights and expand them for use in the concrete analysis of practices of image interpretation
in science. As a guiding example, I explore how these insights bear upon a contemporary debate in space science over images
of the fossilized remains of a river delta on the surface of Mars. These considerations include an analysis of the ways that
the objects of study are transformed by the mediating imaging technologies, such as the Mars Orbiter Camera.
相似文献
Robert RosenbergerEmail: |
542.
Janice Gross Stein 《Political psychology》2008,29(4):553-569
Alexander George made a seminal contribution to theories of preventive diplomacy, crisis management, deterrence, and coercive diplomacy. Although he made his contribution in the highly structured environment of the Cold War, his analysis of the close connections between positive and negative inducements, the importance of interests in shaping outcomes, and the dangers of threat-based strategies as substitutes for policy speaks to the central challenges of contemporary global politics. 相似文献
543.
The recognition heuristic makes the strong claim that probabilistic inferences in which a recognized object is compared to an unrecognized one are made solely on the basis of whether the objects are recognized or not, ignoring all other available cues. This claim has been seriously challenged by a number of studies that have shown a clear effect of additional cue knowledge. In most of these studies, either recognition knowledge was acquired during the experiment, and/or additional cues were provided to participants. However, the recognition heuristic is more likely to be a tool for exploiting natural (rather than induced) recognition when inferences have to be made from memory. In our study on natural recognition and inferences from memory, around 85% of the inferences followed recognition information even when participants had learned three cues that contradicted recognition and when some of the contradictory cues were deemed more valid than recognition. Nevertheless, there were strong individual differences in the use of recognition. Whereas about half of the participants chose the recognized object regardless of the number of conflicting cues—suggestive of the hypothesized noncompensatory processing of recognition—the remaining participants were influenced by the additional knowledge. The former group of participants also tended to give higher estimates of recognition's validity. In addition, we found that the use of recognition for an inference may be affected by whether additional cue knowledge has been learned outside or within the experimental setting. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
544.
545.
This article introduces a metatheoretical framework—the Relationship Trajectories Framework—that conceptualizes how human mating relationships develop across their complete time span, from the moment two people meet until the relationship ends. The framework depicts relationships as arc-shaped evaluative trajectories that vary on five dimensions: shape (which includes ascent, peak, and descent), fluctuation, threshold, composition, and density. The framework can depict single trajectories in isolation or two partners’ trajectories with respect to each other (dyadic trajectories). Two theoretical models demonstrate the generative power of the framework—the relationship coordination and strategic timing (ReCAST) model and the sociosexuality trajectory model—both of which integrate close relationships and evolutionary psychological perspectives on mating. Finally, additional examples illustrate how the framework can generate new research questions about core relationships topics. 相似文献
546.
Kere Hughes-Belding Carla A. Peterson Melissa Clucas Walter Neil Rowe Liuran Fan Leslie J. Dooley Chloe Steffensmeier Wen Wang Juan Bao Krista Goodman 《Infant mental health journal》2019,40(3):331-342
Examination of and support for specific practices that promote high-quality home visiting are essential as family support programs continue to expand across the country. The current study used direct observation of 91 home visits across 41 home visitors to examine relations among interaction partners, content of the interactions, the home-visitors’ activities, and quality of home-visitors’ practices and family-members’ engagement within programs funded by the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting program. More time spent in triadic interactions focused on child-related content, as measured by the Home Visit Rating Scale-Revised, was related to higher quality of family engagement in home visits, as measured with the Home Visit Observation Rating Scales. Time spent in adult-focused interactions and administrative tasks, however, was related to lower quality of home-visiting practices and family engagement. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
547.
情绪劳动指的是员工在工作中按照组织的要求来调节自己的情绪感受和表达, 是服务行业普遍关注的问题。本研究基于自我调节理论(Self-Regulation Theory), 探讨了员工个体内负性情绪对情绪劳动策略的影响效应, 以及个体间水平上员工工作年限和情绪智力对该效应的跨层次调节作用。通过分析收集自210名呼叫中心员工14个工作日的追踪数据, 本研究发现员工每天的负性情绪显著抑制了深层动作; 工作年限和情绪智力显著调节了个体内负性情绪对情绪劳动策略的影响效应。数据分析结果支持了情绪劳动的研究中自我调节理论的作用, 本研究也据此讨论了理论意义和实践应用价值。 相似文献
548.
We investigated the self‐regulatory strategies people spontaneously use in their everyday lives to regulate their persistence during aversive activities. In pilot studies (pooled N = 794), we identified self‐regulatory strategies from self‐reports and generated hypotheses about individual differences in trait self‐control predicting their use. Next, deploying ambulatory assessment (N = 264, 1940 reports of aversive/challenging activities), we investigated predictors of the strategies' self‐reported use and effectiveness (trait self‐control and demand types). The popularity of strategies varied across demands. In addition, people higher in trait self‐control were more likely to focus on the positive consequences of a given activity, set goals, and use emotion regulation. Focusing on positive consequences, focusing on negative consequences (of not performing the activity), thinking of the near finish, and emotion regulation increased perceived self‐regulatory success across demands, whereas distracting oneself from the aversive activity decreased it. None of these strategies, however, accounted for the beneficial effects of trait self‐control on perceived self‐regulatory success. Hence, trait self‐control and strategy use appear to represent separate routes to good self‐regulation. By considering trait‐ and process‐approaches these findings promote a more comprehensive understanding of self‐regulatory success and failure during people's daily attempts to regulate their persistence. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
549.
临床麻醉中常用中效肌肉松弛剂的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了更准确在临床麻醉过程中使用中效肌肉松弛剂,用比较治疗学的理念及方法对目前国内报道的中效肌肉松弛剂阿曲库铵、顺式阿曲库铵、维库溴铵、罗库溴铵的应用方法进行比较和分析。结果发现:插管起效时间罗库溴铵最短,临床时效顺式阿曲库铵最长,阿曲库铵有组胺释放的作用,阿曲库铵和顺式阿曲库铵药物代谢主要是霍夫曼消除。比较治疗学方法有助于临床麻醉肌松剂的抉择。 相似文献
550.
Lindsey M. Young Boris B. Baltes Angela K. Pratt 《Journal of business and psychology》2007,21(4):511-539
Previous research has demonstrated that the use of general behaviors specified by a life-management strategy entitled Selection,
Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) reduces, if only to a small extent, the perceived amounts of the main antecedents (i.e.,
job/family stressors) of work-family conflict. The results of the current study demonstrate that several variables that impact
the amount of resources demanded of, or resources available to, an individual (e.g., supervisor support) moderate the relationship
between SOC behaviors and job/family stressors. Specifically, SOC strategies are more effective than previously thought at
reducing job/family stressors for precisely those individuals in the most demanding situations. 相似文献