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211.
C. Barreto Carvalho J. Cabral M. Sousa C. da Motta J. Benevides E. Peixoto 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(1):5-10
Introduction
Paranoid ideation has been consistently found as a phenomenon presented across the population continuum, and a theme that most people find in their everyday thoughts.Objective
To validate and study the psychometric properties of the Paranoia Checklist in a mixed (clinical and non-clinical) sample, in an extension of the study by Freeman et al. (2005).Method
Self-report questionnaire were completed by 392 individuals, with the aid of a psychologist when necessary.Results
The PC has shown to be a measure capable of distinguishing between clinical and non-clinical group of participants regarding the two dimensions of paranoid thoughts: frequency and conviction. Scores fitted an exponential curve, similar to the initial studies with the original version of the checklist.Conclusion
The assessment of paranoia has shown to be a continuum process common to clinical and non-clinical groups. The PC is a psychometrically sound measure to assess different paranoid thoughts on a multidimensional perspective and with sensitivity to distinguish groups of patients and healthy individuals, being suitable for use both in clinical and research settings. 相似文献212.
Francis K. Sampa Emma Ojanen Jari Westerholm Ritva Ketonen Heikki Lyytinen 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2018,28(2):128-135
This study investigated the comparative efficacy of a phonics-based reading program and a language experience approach based literacy program to develop reading skills among Zambian early childhood school learners. The learners (n = 1 986; Grade 2 level; females = 50.1%) took either the phonics-based reading program (n = 1 593) or the alternative language experience approach based program (n = 393). They were all assessed for reading skills utilising the Early Grade Reading Assessment test (EGRA) in four languages (Cinyanja, Icibemba, Kiikaonde, and Silozi). Results suggest that learners in phonics-based literacy program were significantly better in letter-sound knowledge in all the four languages. Additionally, they were significantly better in reading skills (non-word reading, oral passage reading, and reading comprehension), yet only in Icibemba and Silozi, as compared to those who took the alternative program. Results reveal that children in the Primary Literacy Program (PLP) had significantly better performance in most reading skills than in the Primary Reading Program (PRP). However, the effect sizes were small or medium. The high floor effect in all reading-related measures is an indication that by following either PRP or the recently implemented PLP, most children do not acquire basic reading skill of the transparently written language they are familiar with. Instruction of the sounds of letters requires special attention where digital training tools (such as GraphoGame) may provide the most effective help to both teachers and children. 相似文献
213.
Generalizability of WISC-IV index and subtest score profiles in children with traumatic brain injury
Christopher Rackley Daniel N. Allen Laura J. Fuhrman Joan Mayfield 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(5):512-519
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV) is often used to assess children with traumatic brain injury (TBI); although limited information is available regarding its psychometric properties in these children. Two recent reports suggest that the Perceptual Reasoning Index is not uniquely sensitive to TBI, which differs from the Perceptual Organization Index of the WISC-III. The current study examined WISC-IV profiles in two independently gathered samples of children with TBI. Examination of profiles indicated similarities between the current findings and those reported in other studies, in that the greatest deficits were present on the Processing Speed Index and its component subtests of Coding and Symbol Search, while the Perceptual Reasoning index score was comparable to the Verbal Comprehension Index. Also, no significant index or subtest score differences were present when the current sample was compared to the children with TBI reported by Allen, Thaler, Donohue and Mayfield (2010). The present findings are consistent with two prior studies of the WISC-IV in children with TBI, providing additional evidence for profile differences between the WISC-III and WISC-IV. The results also suggest that WISC-IV profiles reported in prior studies are generalizable across TBI samples and study sites. 相似文献
214.
Michael E. Behen Emily Helder Robert Rothermel Katherine Solomon Harry T. Chugani 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(5):453-469
Postnatal deprivation is associated with neurocognitive delay/dysfunction. Although “catch up” in global cognition following adoption has been reported, this study examined the incidence of specific absolute impairment in adopted children with intact global cognitive functioning. Eighty-five children (38 males, mean age = 112.8, SD = 30.3 months; range 61–209 months) raised from birth in orphanages underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Fifty-four were deemed globally intact (IQ > 85). Of those deemed globally intact, 46% evidenced absolute impairment in at least one domain of functioning. Duration of stay in the orphanage was directly associated with incidence of impairment and number of domains affected. A substantial proportion of participants evidenced persistent, absolute impairment in one or more domains of neurocognitive function despite integrity of basic intellectual functions. 相似文献
215.
This study investigated the position of Type D (high Negative Affectivity and high Social Inhibition) within the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality. A sample of 155 healthy subjects were administered the Type D Scale and the NEO-FFI, assessing the FFM traits. Subjects also filled out the General Health Questionnaire and the Job Stress Survey. Negative Affectivity was positively correlated with Neuroticism (0.74) and negatively with Conscientiousness ( m 0.38), Agreeableness ( m 0.37), and Extraversion ( m 0.35). Social Inhibition was negatively correlated with Extraversion ( m 0.61) and Conscientiousness ( m 0.40) and positively with Neuroticism (0.50). Type D subjects reported more somatic distress ( p <0.0001), anxiety ( p <0.0001) and depression ( p <0.01) than non-Type D subjects. An alternative one-dimensional representation of the D-traits was suggested, conceptualized as a dimension ranging from neurotic introversion with relatively low conscientiousness to stable extraversion with relatively high conscientiousness. These findings are discussed in the light of the renewed interest in psychology for type versus dimensional representations of individual differences. 相似文献
216.
Objective: The development of sustained attention in the preschool years is not yet fully understood. Delineating age-related changes of attentional proficiencies and deficiencies is important for understanding atypical developmental trajectories, specifically in neurodevelopmental disorders that are characterized by attentional difficulties. The objective of the current study was to develop preschool-appropriate measures for assessing sustained attention and to chart developmental changes in attention in early childhood. Method: Using adapted computerized paradigms, the present study investigated age-related changes in visual and auditory sustained attention in seventy typically developing children aged 3 to 6 years. Results: The results indicated that similar age-related gains in performance emerged across both visual and auditory attention tasks. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the adapted measures developed in this study are sensitive enough to capture developmental variations in attention performance. 相似文献
217.
Despite the prevalence of pediatric Central Nervous System (CNS) solid tumors, little is understood about patients' disease-related anxiety experience. Data from 25 remitted pediatric CNS tumor patients posttreatment were collected. Significant symptoms of anxiety were reported by 32% of patients. MRI studies showed all anxious patients had right cortical tumors or left cerebellar tumors. Confound analyses suggest these results are not better accounted for by demographic, disease, or treatment variables. These results evidence the risk some pediatric neuro-oncologic patients face for developing significant anxiety symptoms. 相似文献
218.
《Occupational Therapy in Mental Health》2013,29(1):57-68
Current knowledge provides ample evidence of widespread neurological and developmental impairments underlying the behavior of psychotic youngsters. Occupational Therapy can now assess, treat, and make "sense" of the psychotic child's disturbed systems. A case study of a severely disturbed, self-abusing, childhood schizophrenic patient is presented. The treatment process and behavioral changes are discussed and augmented with statistical analysis. 相似文献
219.
Vanessa Greco Heather C. Lambert Melissa Park 《Occupational Therapy in Mental Health》2013,29(3):228-244
Recent policy extends the patient-professional collaboration in making health care decisions to children. As a result, the development of self-reporting measures allowing children to express their concerns is growing. A literature review identified 33 self-report measures for children among a range of disciplines. While these tools allow children to be part of the rehabilitation process, the information obtained does not seem to capture what matters to children. This is particularly true for children with mental illness whose views are often ignored. More research is needed on clinical approaches that access the unique experiences of children with mental illness. 相似文献
220.
Colder CR Trucco EM Lopez HI Hawk LW Read JP Lengua LJ Weiczorek WF Eiden RD 《Journal of research in personality》2011,45(2):198-207
There is considerable interest in Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory. However, few measures of the behavioral approach (BAS) and inhibition systems (BIS) exist for children. Moreover, the theory was substantially revised a decade ago and measurement instruments are still largely based on the old theory. Our aim was to revise questionnaire and laboratory assessments of BIS and BAS for children. Performance on the Point Scoring Reaction Time Task for Children-Revised (PSRTT-CR) conformed to theoretical expectations. Caregiver reports of BIS and BAS were associated with corresponding PSRTT-CR indices, suggesting cross-method convergent and discriminant validity. There was convergence with physiological correlates of BAS, but not physiological correlates of BIS. Overall, our revised measures represent promising instruments of children’s BIS and BAS. 相似文献