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121.
Eberhard Herrmann 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2008,64(2):63-73
The starting-point is the distinction between concept and conception. Our conceptions of gold, for instance, are the different
understandings we get when we hear the word ‘gold’ whereas the concept of gold consists in the scientific determination of
what gold is. It depends on the context whether it is more reasonable to claim a concept or to look for fitting conceptions.
By arguing against metaphysical realism and for non-metaphysical realism, I will elaborate on some philosophical reasons for
dealing with conceptions instead of concepts of God, and secondly, I will discuss how such conceptions should be critically
assessed.
This article is an amended and enlarged version of a paper delivered at the conference on The Concept of God, arranged by
the British Society for the Philosophy of Religion in Oxford, Great Britain, September 11–13, 2007. 相似文献
122.
There are clear indications that both the reported incidence of autism in children and litigation involving this developmental disorder are increasing. However, to date there has been a dearth of research analyzing court cases and legal decisions concerning students with autism. The purpose of this review was to examine published hearing/review and court decisions concerning autism eligibility in educational settings in relation to empirically supported best practices in the assessment of autism. A total of 13 cases were identified for inclusion in the review. In general, the results indicated that hearing/review officers and judges neither relied upon nor explicitly acknowledged empirically supported assessment methods in their published eligibility decisions. It appeared that many hearing/review officers and judges relied on expert witnesses, who may or may not have had particular expertise and knowledge regarding current best practices in autism eligibility assessment. Implications of the findings and areas for future research are discussed. 相似文献
123.
Andrés Mejía D. 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2009,28(4):351-367
The current dominant approach on the assessment of critical thinking takes as a starting point a conception of criticality
that does not commit to any substantive view or context of meaning concerning what issues are relevant to be critical about
in society or in life. Nevertheless, as a detailed examination of the identification of assumptions shows, when going from
the theory of critical thinking to the praxis of producing and evaluating arguments, the critical person will inevitably make
such commitments from particular perspectives, using particular contexts of meaning. But then she may fail to take notice
of relevant ones and may end up using her critical powers in a mercenary way. It is then proposed, in the context of assessment
of critical thinking, to choose and use some privileged contexts of meaning, while making them available for critical scrutiny
and allowing for the possibility that new ones be brought up by those being assessed.
相似文献
Andrés Mejía D.Email: |
124.
125.
As an introduction to this special issue, this article provides an overview of the worldwide influence of the work of Alexander R. Luria. a noted Russian neuropsychologist. Major themes and issues that he studied are reviewed, and the reasons for his strong worldwide influence are discussed. An overview of subsequent articles in this issue is provided. 相似文献
126.
This article reviews contemporary Russian research aimed at integrating and combining qualitative and quantitative evaluation approaches using Luria's procedures of neuropsychological assessment. A scoring system for rating and evaluating cognitive disturbances in different functional areas is described. The advantages of application of this system are discussed, using as examples the neuropsychological follow-up of neurosurgical patients, as well as neuropsychological research into the cognitive disturbances in patients with Parkinsonism and in children who are mentally retarded. The effectiveness of these updates to Luria's approach is demonstrated. 相似文献
127.
Undiagnosed malingering (symptom overreporting or fabrication) can endanger mental health staff. This review paper presents a systematic and empirically based framework to assess symptom overreporting and violence potential. The first half reviews three models of malingering and their implications for violence potential. The first model proposes that people who malinger are attempting to cope with major mental disorders or organic deficits. The violence potential of these often overlooked disorders is explained. The second model describes how some people with character disorders overreport psychological symptoms and use violence to manage interpersonal relationships. The third model proposes that people who malinger are attempting to get their needs met in complex situations. Mishandling these often desperate people can result in a dangerous situation. The second half of this article focuses on conducting evaluations with potential malingerers, including ethical issues, assessment techniques, and treatment recommendations. Public policy implications are also addressed. 相似文献
128.
Tom A. Langen 《Animal cognition》1999,2(4):223-233
Western scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica) often visually assess and handle several whole (unshelled) peanuts before selecting one to transport and cache; this behavior
is a search for a preferred heavy nut. I repeatedly video-taped individually identifiable jays as they landed on a feeding
platform and chose from presentations of peanuts that varied in the number of items or in the distribution of sizes. I examined
how differences among these presentations and a bird’s social status affected the amount of assessment and the economic consequences
of choice. I also examined the specific patterns of handling peanuts, called sampling, to quantify the degree to which sampling
sequences were typified by repeated comparisons among sampled peanuts (retrospective sampling), or sequential assessment and
rejection of peanuts (prospective sampling). Peanut assessment was more extensive and prospective when there were many options
from which to choose than when there were few. Peanut assessment was more extensive and retrospective when options were similar
in size than when they varied. Scrub-jays were more likely to make repeated comparisons immediately before selecting a peanut
than elsewhere in a sampling sequence. Subordinate scrub-jays, who were at the greatest risk of pre-emption by competitors,
assessed peanuts less extensively and were more prospective in their sampling than dominants. Unless peanuts were very similar
in size, jays were more accurate at selecting a high-quality peanut and achieved a higher rate of food storage than if they
had not assessed. These results show that scrub-jays can adaptively modify how they search to improve their rate of food storage,
and also suggest some of the specific search tactics used by jays when assessing peanuts.
Received: 26 April 1999 / Accepted after revision: 10 October 1999 相似文献
129.
Harrison G Gough 《Journal of research in personality》1975,9(2):122-135
Attitudes toward specific issues in population covary, but are independent enough to warrant separate assessment. Identifiable components include family planning, abortion, contraception, and population management. Modernity may be defined as a norm-setting factor, establishing a baseline around which the four other dimensions may vary. A system of beliefs will be more or less in phase or out of phase depending on the congruence between modernity and the other four indices. Scales to assess each factor were developed, and an attempt was made to minimize unwanted or artifactual variance pertaining to generalized distrust or misanthropy. Five case vignettes were given to illustrate the personological implications of contrasting profile configurations. 相似文献
130.
Lillian Kaufman Cartwright 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1978,12(2):184-196
In a sample of young women physicians, self-ratings of Career Satisfaction and Role Harmony were correlated with a group of situational, achievement, and personality variables. Career Satisfaction was extremely high with about 88% reporting they are satisfied or very satisfied. However, over half experienced at least a moderate amount of strain in integrating professional and sex roles. In addition women who were high on both Career Satisfaction and Role Harmony were compared with the others in the sample and individual differences were apparent: These women were exceptionally confident, intellectually resourceful, and tolerant; they tended to have clear priorities with either family or work coming first. Overall their current level of personality adjustment was superior to the others who, as a group, were very well-functioning women. 相似文献