Emotion words, regardless of polarity, have a processing advantage over neutral words

Despite increasing interest in the interface between emotion and cognition, the role of emotion in cognitive tasks is unclear. According to one hypothesis, negative valence is more relevant for survival and is associated with a general slowdown of the processing of stimuli, due to a defense mechanism that freezes activity in the face of threat. According to a different hypothesis which does not posit a privileged role for the aversive system, valence, regardless of polarity, facilitates processing due to the relevance of both negative and positive stimuli for survival and for the attainment of goals. Here, we present evidence that emotional valence has an overall facilitatory role in the processing of verbal stimuli, providing support for the latter hypothesis. We found no asymmetry between negative and positive words and suggest that previous findings of such an asymmetry can be attributed to failure to control for a number of critical lexical variables and to a sampling bias.     

小组治疗对2型糖尿病患者生活质量和临床指标的影响

观察小组治疗对2型糖尿病患者生活质量及糖代谢的影响。将67名2型糖尿病患者随机分为实验组和对照组。两组均给以降糖药物治疗,实验组并给予小组干预。每位患者均于治疗前、治疗后3个月末和5个月末检测糖代谢指标,治疗前和治疗后5个月末测查健康调查简表（SF-36）。结果为实验组临床指标改善优于对照组（P〈0．05）,实验组与对照组相比生活质量明显提高（P〈0．01）。结论认为小组治疗对改善糖尿病患者生活质量和糖代谢情况有着积极作用。     

冠脉介入患者焦虑的原因及对策研究

焦虑是冠脉介入患者常见的应激反应,焦虑引起的各种病理和生理改变会影响患者手术的顺利实施及疗效。本文基于应激理论,从认知因素、人格特征、应对策略、社会支持等方面入手,试图全面系统地探讨冠脉介入患者焦虑的成因和降低患者焦虑的对策,以期对临床心理干预提供理论依据和具体方法。     

冠脉介入患者焦虑的原因及对策研究

焦虑是冠脉介入患者常见的应激反应,焦虑引起的各种病理和生理改变会影响患者手术的顺利实施及疗效.本文基于应激理论,从认知因素、人格特征、应对策略、社会支持等方面入手,试图全面系统地探讨冠脉介入患者焦虑的成因和降低患者焦虑的对策.以期对临床心理干预提供理论依据和具体方法.     

An Experimental Analysis of Reading Fluency

The experimental analysis of academic responding has emerged as one approach to strengthening decisions related to problem analysis and treatment design. This study provided an example of how both brief and extended assessments can be used within a data based, problem solving approach to addressing reading fluency concerns. For six children with reading difficulties, within-trial effects of various instructional strategies were used to identify and design interventions. Assessment-derived interventions were evaluated using weekly academic growth on general outcome measures. Results indicated that five of the six children responded favorably to intervention. Future research involving the contribution of experimental analysis to response to intervention models of service delivery is discussed.     

Brief Experimental Analysis: A Decision Tool for Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice

This special issue illustrates how brief experimental analysis (BEA) is gaining recognition as a valuable tool for making treatment decisions about children who are unresponsive to regular classroom instruction. This commentary article provides evidence for why BEA has grown in popularity, briefly summarizes each of the studies included in the series, and discusses issues that are critical to conducting and interpreting data from a BEA. The articles in the issue exemplify how BEA is flexible enough to evaluate diverse intervention options, is time and cost efficient, and is uniquely suited for use in a problem-solving approach to school-based service delivery.     

培训迁移的干预策略及其效果

在回顾了培训迁移的组织干预策略研究后,重点围绕培训前干预、培训中干预和培训后干预三个方面展开讨论,归纳出不同类型干预要素及其对培训迁移的影响效果,指出目前理论的局限性以及组织与个体相互作用等未来研究的方向     

宽恕干预研究述评——宽恕在心理治疗中的作用

宽恕能帮助受害者消除愤怒、减轻痛苦,修复心理创伤。在西方,宽恕已被当作干预目标应用于临床和教育领域。结果表明,宽恕干预能明显减少来访者的愤怒、抑郁、焦虑等消极的情绪体验,增加积极的心理体验,如希望和自尊。宽恕过程模型以及REACH宽恕模型是目前最具代表性的两个宽恕干预理论模型。这两个理论模型均由若干环节构成。在这些环节中,定义宽恕、回忆伤害事件、建立共情、知觉到对他人的伤害、承诺宽恕以及克服阻碍宽恕的因素是促进个体宽恕的重要环节,是在宽恕干预过程中应特别注意的地方。     

儿童心理危机的干预策略

地震突发性强,危害严重,往往使儿童产生思维不清、意志失控、情感紊乱等心理危机,如果不及时进行心理疏导,儿童可能长期沉浸在痛苦中难以自拔,身心健康受到影响,最终酿成精神疾病,影响其一生。通过概括疏理7种常用儿童心理危机干预策略,以期为灾后儿童心理危机提供参考     

影响职业决策自我效能的因素及干预研究述评

职业决策自我效能指个体对自己完成择业相关任务所需能力的信心程度。自从Betz和Taylor提出职业决策自我效能,该概念已引发了职业心理学中众多的理论和实证研究。文章总结了影响职业决策自我效能的因素及其干预措施。影响职业决策自我效能因素可概括为个体因素、家庭因素、学校因素三方面,干预措施依据不同的理论,主要有归因训练、团体干预、职业决策训练、认知重构、计算机职业指导系统等