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971.
观察小组治疗对2型糖尿病患者生活质量及糖代谢的影响。将67名2型糖尿病患者随机分为实验组和对照组。两组均给以降糖药物治疗,实验组并给予小组干预。每位患者均于治疗前、治疗后3个月末和5个月末检测糖代谢指标,治疗前和治疗后5个月末测查健康调查简表(SF-36)。结果为实验组临床指标改善优于对照组(P〈0.05),实验组与对照组相比生活质量明显提高(P〈0.01)。结论认为小组治疗对改善糖尿病患者生活质量和糖代谢情况有着积极作用。 相似文献
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974.
Frenk van Harreveld Bastiaan T. Rutjens Mark Rotteveel Loran F. Nordgren Joop van der Pligt 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(1):167-173
It has long been assumed that people experience evaluative conflict or ambivalence as unpleasant. In three studies we provide direct evidence for the assumption that ambivalence is unpleasant, but only when one has to commit to one side of the issue. In those situations ambivalence will be related to outcome uncertainty and feelings of discomfort. We examined this prediction using both self-reports and physiological measures. In a first study we manipulated ambivalence and whether or not participants had to take a clear stand vis-a vis the attitudinal issue and choose a position for or against it. Results indicate ambivalence was only related to physiological arousal when a choice had to be made. Feeling ambivalent about an issue without the necessity to choose did not result in higher levels of arousal. A second study replicated and extended these findings by including a measure of subjective uncertainty about the decision. Results showed the same pattern as in Study 1, and indicate that the relation between ambivalence and arousal is mediated by uncertainty about decisional outcomes. In the third and final study these findings are corroborated using self-report measures; these indicated that ambivalence-induced discomfort is related to specific (negative) emotions. 相似文献
975.
Changing Drug Users’ Risk Environments: Peer Health Advocates as Multi-level Community Change Agents
Margaret R. Weeks Mark Convey Julia Dickson-Gomez Jianghong Li Kim Radda Maria Martinez Eduardo Robles 《American journal of community psychology》2009,43(3-4):330-344
Peer delivered, social oriented HIV prevention intervention designs are increasingly popular for addressing broader contexts of health risk beyond a focus on individual factors. Such interventions have the potential to affect multiple social levels of risk and change, including at the individual, network, and community levels, and reflect social ecological principles of interaction across social levels over time. The iterative and feedback dynamic generated by this multi-level effect increases the likelihood for sustained health improvement initiated by those trained to deliver the peer intervention. The Risk Avoidance Partnership (RAP), conducted with heroin and cocaine/crack users in Hartford, Connecticut, exemplified this intervention design and illustrated the multi-level effect on drug users’ risk and harm reduction at the individual level, the social network level, and the larger community level. Implications of the RAP program for designing effective prevention programs and for analyzing long-term change to reduce HIV transmission among high-risk groups are discussed from this ecological and multi-level intervention perspective. 相似文献
976.
Despite increasing interest in the interface between emotion and cognition, the role of emotion in cognitive tasks is unclear. According to one hypothesis, negative valence is more relevant for survival and is associated with a general slowdown of the processing of stimuli, due to a defense mechanism that freezes activity in the face of threat. According to a different hypothesis which does not posit a privileged role for the aversive system, valence, regardless of polarity, facilitates processing due to the relevance of both negative and positive stimuli for survival and for the attainment of goals. Here, we present evidence that emotional valence has an overall facilitatory role in the processing of verbal stimuli, providing support for the latter hypothesis. We found no asymmetry between negative and positive words and suggest that previous findings of such an asymmetry can be attributed to failure to control for a number of critical lexical variables and to a sampling bias. 相似文献
977.
An alternating treatments design was used to compare the effects of two response modes on acquisition and retention rates
of letter naming fluency performance (LNF) by six kindergarten English Language Learners (ELLs) performing below the average
letter naming level and slope of other ELL classmates. With equal amounts of practice opportunities, ELLs practiced by orally
reading printed letters (see/say) or practiced by pointing to a printed letter that was orally read to them (hear/point).
The see/say intervention practiced printed letter sounds to enhance oral reading competence. Alternatively, the hear/point
intervention confirmed a non-verbal recognition of oral letter sounds to increase attention and information processing of
oral and printed letters prior to an oral LNF assessment. The see/say intervention was moderately more effective on LNF rates
than the hear/point intervention for all ELLs on the acquisition assessment and for 4 of the 6 ELLs on the retention assessment.
Results are discussed in terms of efficiency as well as effectiveness when making decisions about selecting and implementing
responsiveness to intervention assessments when ELLs students are not responding to an effective general education program. 相似文献
978.
Christopher Les Caldwell Arthur M. Horne Bernard Davidson William H. Quinn 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(3):443-459
Parenting practices are major influences on incidents of juvenile delinquency. Stress experienced by parents of children with
behavioral problems is a leading contributor to parenting practices. We investigated the extent to which parental stress was
reduced by participation in an established multiple group family intervention, the Family Solutions Program, developed to
reduce recidivism among juvenile offenders. We also examined parent stress by gender, ethnicity, dropout rates, intervention
benefits at 3-month follow-up, single- versus two-parent households, and across dimensions of family functioning and parent-adolescent
communication. Parents reported greater levels of parent stress than non-clinical parents prior to intervention. Parental
stress did diminish in response to intervention, but not until follow-up to intervention completion. No differences were found
on initial parent stress level between completers and non-completers of the intervention or between parent stress and gender
or ethnicity of the parent; however, single-parent household was associated with significantly higher levels of parent stress.
Family functioning was significantly negatively correlated with parental stress. Finally, open communication between juvenile
first offenders and their parents improved significantly in response to the intervention both at post-intervention and at
follow-up. 相似文献
979.
Nicola A. Conners Mark C. Edwards April S. Grant 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(3):321-330
Young children with high levels of acting out behaviors present a challenge for families, caregivers, and the childcare system.
The Parenting the Strong-Willed Child (PSWC) parenting class curriculum program is a 6-week, group based parent education program designed for parents of children with
noncompliance problems (ages 2–8). The PSWC program was offered at no cost to parents enrolled in 8 Head Start centers, and parents were invited to participate in a
program evaluation study. Seventy-one families enrolled in the study and completed at least one PSWC session. From pre- to post-test, parents reported significant improvements in both the frequency and intensity of child behavior
problems. Parents also reported significant reductions in parenting stress, as well as improvements in their parenting behaviors,
including a reduction in the use of lax discipline techniques and emotional reactivity in the context of discipline encounters.
All improvements were sustained six months later. These preliminary results are encouraging, and point to the need for a more
rigorous, controlled evaluation of the PSWC parenting class curriculum. 相似文献
980.
出生缺陷(birth defection,BD)已经成为目前全世界共同关注的一个重大公共卫生问题。为此,世界卫生组织提出预防出生缺陷的“三级预防策略”,国家计生委于2000年组织实施“出生缺陷干预工程”。结合哲学思想对出生缺陷的三级预防以及干预模式进行综合分析。 相似文献