全文获取类型
收费全文 | 944篇 |
免费 | 75篇 |
国内免费 | 40篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 32篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 38篇 |
2020年 | 51篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 41篇 |
2017年 | 43篇 |
2016年 | 46篇 |
2015年 | 28篇 |
2014年 | 42篇 |
2013年 | 83篇 |
2012年 | 10篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 26篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 35篇 |
2007年 | 52篇 |
2006年 | 43篇 |
2005年 | 54篇 |
2004年 | 46篇 |
2003年 | 36篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 32篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1059条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
2.
Coby Gerlsma Ineke Mosterman Sytske Buwalda Paul M. G. Emmelkamp 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1992,14(4):343-361
The relationship between memories of childhood experiences (e.g., adverse parenting) and adult depression often found raises questions of interpretation. On the one hand, both laboratory studies and clinicians' experiences suggest that subjects in a depressed mood frequently show a negative bias in perceptions and memories. Negative childhood memories in depressed persons might, therefore, be interpreted as epiphenomena of depressed mood instead of etiological factors. On the other hand, memories of childhood experiences seem remarkably stable across changes in depressed mood, especially when memories are elicited by means of standardized questionnaires. In the mood and memory literature several explanations for this stability are offered. For one thing, highly structured cues to elicit memories (such as in questionnaires) are hypothesized to be less susceptible to mood bias than unstructured memory cues (such as in free recall procedures). On the other hand, resource allocation theorists suggest that childhood memories, being well established and rehearsed, are relatively impervious to mood bias no matter how they are elicited. In this study we examined whether different methods of eliciting childhood memories (i.e., free recall and questionnaire-cued) are differentially susceptible to mood bias. To this aim, we used a mood induction procedure to induce depressed, neutral, and elated mood and assessed childhood memories both before and after the mood induction using both questionnaires and free recall to elicit memories. Results suggested that memories elicited by means of free recall as well as by means of questionnaire-cued recall were susceptible to depressed and elated mood bias. The implications for research addressing the link between childhood experiences and depression are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Kenneth F. Schaffner 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》1992,13(2):191-216
This two-part article examines the competition between the clonal selection theory and the instructive theory of the immune response from 1957–1967. In Part I the concept of a temporally extended theory is introduced, which requires attention to the hitherto largely ignored issue of theory individuation. Factors which influence the acceptability of such an extended theory at different temporal points are also embedded in a Bayesian framework, which is shown to provide a rational account of belief change in science. In Part II these factors, as elaborated in the Bayesian framework, are applied to the case of the success of the clonal selection theory and the failure of the instructive theory. 相似文献
4.
Ronald L. Numbers 《Zygon》1987,22(2):133-164
Abstract. As the crusade to outlaw the teaching of evolution changed to a battle for equal time for creationism, the ideological defenses of that doctrine also shifted from primarily biblical to more scientific grounds. This essay describes the historical development of "scientific creationism" from a variety of late–nineteenth– and early–twentieth–century creationist reactions to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, through the Scopes trial and the 1960s revival of creationism, to the current spread of strict creationism around the world. 相似文献
5.
James W. McAllister 《Metaphilosophy》2023,54(4):507-522
The scientific realism debate in philosophy of science raises some intriguing methodological issues. Scientific realism posits a link between a scientific theory's observational and referential success. This opens the possibility of testing the thesis empirically, by searching for evidence of such a link in the record of theories put forward in the history of science. Many realist philosophers working today propose case study methodology as a way of carrying out such a test. This article argues that a qualitative method such as case study methodology is not adequate for this purpose, for two reasons: to test scientific realism is to pose an effects-of-causes question, and observational and referential success are quantities that theories possess to a greater or lesser degree. The article concludes that an empirical test of scientific realism requires a quantitative method. 相似文献
6.
James Norton 《Metaphilosophy》2023,54(1):3-16
This paper defends the usefulness of the concept of philosophical progress and the common assumption that philosophy and science aim to make the same, or a comparable, kind of progress. It does so by responding to Yafeng Shan's (2022) arguments that the wealth of research on scientific progress is not applicable or useful to philosophy, and that philosophy doesn't need a concept of progress at all. It is ultimately argued that while Shan's arguments are not successful, they reveal the way forward in developing accounts of philosophical progress. 相似文献
7.
Chanwoo Lee 《Ratio》2023,36(3):192-203
The apparent chasm between two camps in metaphysics, analytic metaphysics and scientific metaphysics, is well recognized. I argue that the relationship between them is not necessarily a rivalry; a division of labour that resembles the relationship between pure mathematics and science is possible. As a case study, I look into the metaphysical underdetermination argument for ontic structural realism, a well-known position in scientific metaphysics, together with an argument for the position in analytic metaphysics known as ontological nihilism. I argue that we can ascribe the same schema to both arguments, which indicates that analytic metaphysics can offer an abstract model that scientific metaphysics may find useful. 相似文献
8.
This grounded theory (GT) study is part of an extensive mixed methods research project to develop general principles for counselling. Nine hundred counselling protocols were examined. The material is characterised by a quantitative amount of data with a qualitative character. The research is based on the systemic-constructivist research paradigm. The variety of perspectives is an important aspect of the work. Therefore, it is important that the entire research process with GT takes place in exchange with other research settings in order to minimise the limitations caused by the perspective of the researchers. During the research process, there was an intensive examination of GT in order to adapt it to the research project. By using the GT to analyse the extensive qualitative material, the actions of the counsellors were observed and 10 counselling principles were developed. This article presents the research process and the findings. 相似文献
9.
Hulya Duygu Yigit Steven Andrew Culpepper 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2023,76(2):372-401
Diagnostic models provide a statistical framework for designing formative assessments by classifying student knowledge profiles according to a collection of fine-grained attributes. The context and ecosystem in which students learn may play an important role in skill mastery, and it is therefore important to develop methods for incorporating student covariates into diagnostic models. Including covariates may provide researchers and practitioners with the ability to evaluate novel interventions or understand the role of background knowledge in attribute mastery. Existing research is designed to include covariates in confirmatory diagnostic models, which are also known as restricted latent class models. We propose new methods for including covariates in exploratory RLCMs that jointly infer the latent structure and evaluate the role of covariates on performance and skill mastery. We present a novel Bayesian formulation and report a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm using a Metropolis-within-Gibbs algorithm for approximating the model parameter posterior distribution. We report Monte Carlo simulation evidence regarding the accuracy of our new methods and present results from an application that examines the role of student background knowledge on the mastery of a probability data set. 相似文献
10.
Quinnehtukqut McLamore Stylianos Syropoulos Mengyao Li Ezra Fabian Mentrup Bernhard Leidner Kevin Young Wai Lan Victoria Yeung Tasneem Mohammad Jennifer Tamkin Lam Ha Ngyuen Julia Baracewicz 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2023,17(11):e12883
Emergent research identifies cultural tightness-looseness as an important factor for understanding cross-national outcome differences during the coronavirus pandemic. Because perceived tightness-looseness can be measured as an individual-level difference rather than a nation-level difference, and because tightness-looseness may shift during large-scale crises, we investigated whether such shifts occurred early in the coronavirus pandemic in both China (a relatively tight nation, n = 3642) and the U.S. (a relatively loose nation, n = 3583) across three cohorts. Tightness increased across cohorts in China and reduced across cohorts in the U.S. These changes transmitted corresponding indirect effects whereby compliance and institutional trust (scientific and government) about the pandemic were increased in China across cohorts, but decreased in the U.S. across cohorts. These patterns extend advice that national governments can increase compliance and trust via “tightening” by cautioning against norm-setters signaling the reverse (that norms about compliance are loose) given the outcomes observed in the U.S. samples. 相似文献