安乐死立法比较兼立法原则理论初探

通过介绍与借鉴荷兰、美国、日本、比利时等国安乐死立法经验,结合我国立法难的现状,对我国安乐死立法进程进行思考,同时建设性提出了我国安乐死的立法原则:生命权神圣不可侵犯原则,死亡方式选择权有限制的自主决定原则,知情自愿原则,严格程序原则等。     

脑死亡立法的伦理辩护

"脑死亡"立法是必要的并可以得到充分的伦理辩护:尊重人,特别是尊重人的自主性是"脑死亡"立法的伦理基础."脑死亡"立法符合有利和公平的伦理原则,符合功利主义伦理学追求社会利益最大化的目的.但我们在立法时,应尽量贯彻不伤害原则,注意保护患者及其亲属的利益.     

人类胚胎干细胞的伦理学应用

人类胚胎干细胞研究和使用面临很多问题,并且大部分已经进行了广泛的讨论,但目前仍有一些问题很少进行讨论。对这些问题的讨论将有助于更好地研究人类胚胎干细胞的使用问题,这些问题是：（1）干细胞研究与社会政策,各个国家有关的政策制定并不一致,除了禁止人的生殖性克隆的国际性公约外,国际性准则在胚胎研究的也没有提供明确的规定;（2）欧洲有些国家在相关的问题的立法一致性上存在着许多问题,有些甚至是相互预报的;（3）干细胞研究应用的预防原则的适宜性问题已引起人们的争论;（4）有利及避免浪费原则在干细胞研究中的应用。     

Normativity,Guardianship, and the Elderly

The concept of guardianship, its associated principles, distinctions, and articulation of the legal needs of the elderly are introduced via a review of well-canvassed criticisms of Canadian guardianship legislation. Claims that the reformed legislation of Alberta, Quebec, and British Columbia represent models of adequate adult guardianship compared with traditional (archaic lunacy) law are examined. This paper argues that these renovated models exhibit a dubious normative advance over traditional legislation. Specifically, the normative presuppositions of the reformed legislation, such as, restriction to an autonomy-paternalism framework, and the norms of the liberal individual and state, obscure important issues in at least two key areas which challenge the models' assumptions; namely, assessment and legal competence and assessment and need. The development of guardianship laws and of social arrangements that are more responsive to the life experiences of the elderly requires critical re-articulation of the nature of individuals and their communities.     

Historical overview of child discipline in the United States: Implications for mental health clinicians and researchers

Discipline of children is a major topic of concern in our society. This paper places discipline in a historical perspective by briefly tracing disciplinary practices from the 1600s to the present day in the United States. Four primary trends are then delineated. These include the following: movement from strict discipline to lax discipline to mixed messages concerning discipline; determinants of discipline changing from Puritan religious beliefs to experts in fields such as psychology; the increasing role of legislative efforts focusing on children's rights; and the changing role of fathers in childrearing in general and discipline in particular. Viewed against such a historical account, implications for mental health professionals in shaping disciplinary practices are offered. These include generating data to provide needed answers and assuming an active role in setting policy.     

“Benevolent Patriarchy”: Palestinian Women between “Ideal” and “Reality”

In this article polygyny is used to illustrate how the ideal of benevolent patriarchy and the “good” Muslim man as the benevolent patriarch tends to create a discrepancy between the legal and the moral in Islamic legislation as well as in Islamic discourse. The study is based on fieldwork in the West Bank in 2011 when 49 Islamist and Islamic-oriented women were interviewed. The main finding of this study is that Islamist women tend to accept the Islamic gender system as the divine will, and they also accept its legal expression, Personal Status Law. However, there is a little awareness of the lack of legal consequences for men who do not behave according to the moral code, which is not explicitly but only implicitly assumed in the law.     

器官移植道德反思——兼评器官商品化

自从器官移植技术出现以来,器官移植供体的缺乏就成为了制约其发展的瓶颈问题,而脑死亡临床诊断标准的出台为解决这个问题指明了方向。如何为脑死亡立法和器官移植立法寻求合理的道德支持是立足点,也是现代生命伦理学的热点与难点之一。以器官移植的供体来源短缺为切入点,提出了解决有关立法和寻求新的道德资源支持的一些思路与方向,坚决反对通过器官商品化来解决移植供体短缺的问题。     

认识脑死亡

脑死亡是指脑功能永久性不可逆的完全丧失,而不考虑呼吸心跳是否停止。目前脑死亡临床诊断标准已具有高度准确性。脑死亡的确立对树立新的道德观念、节约社会资源、促进器官移植发展意义重大,但要在中国立法可能还需要一个漫长的过程。     

卫生立法——一个基本的着眼点

公平是法的灵魂。卫生立法的根本着眼点,是为了在现有卫生资源条件下,通过立法的手段更好地满足人民群众卫生保健的需要,在医疗保健服务的多方的利益关系中,找到一个合理结合度。     

地方卫生立法现状及其问题评析

以法学基本理论为指导,采用实证分析方法,利用《中国法律法规信息检索系统》等检索系统,收集我国31个省、自治区、直辖市的地方卫生法规、规章、自治条例及单行条例,并以此为样本,以地方卫生法规、规章为主线,客观回顾了我国地方卫生立法的历史发展,就地方卫生立法的现状展开调查,深入分析存在的问题。