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121.
Seeing is believing: the effect of brain images on judgments of scientific reasoning 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Brain images are believed to have a particularly persuasive influence on the public perception of research on cognition. Three experiments are reported showing that presenting brain images with articles summarizing cognitive neuroscience research resulted in higher ratings of scientific reasoning for arguments made in those articles, as compared to articles accompanied by bar graphs, a topographical map of brain activation, or no image. These data lend support to the notion that part of the fascination, and the credibility, of brain imaging research lies in the persuasive power of the actual brain images themselves. We argue that brain images are influential because they provide a physical basis for abstract cognitive processes, appealing to people's affinity for reductionistic explanations of cognitive phenomena. 相似文献
122.
Karen B. Grothe Jamie S. Bodenlos Dori Whitehead Jake Olivier Phillip J. Brantley 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(2):163-169
The current study examined social support and stress as mediators of the hostility—coronary heart disease (CHD) relationship
as suggested by the psychosocial vulnerability model in a sample of low-income African Americans. Among 95 CHD patients and
30 healthy controls, hostility was negatively correlated with social support, but was not related to minor stress. CHD patients
endorsed higher levels of hostility; however, the relationship between hostility and CHD status was diminished once stress
and social support were included in the model. This study lends partial support for the psychosocial vulnerability model of
hostility in African Americans, but suggests that the relationship between hostility and stress may be impacted by socioeconomic
status. 相似文献
123.
Mark Colyvan 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(1):115-123
In this paper I present an argument for belief in inconsistent objects. The argument relies on a particular, plausible version of scientific realism, and the fact that often our best scientific theories are inconsistent. It is not clear what to make of this argument. Is it a reductio of the version of scientific realism under consideration? If it is, what are the alternatives? Should we just accept the conclusion? I will argue (rather tentatively and suitably qualified) for a positive answer to the last question: there are times when it is legitimate to believe in inconsistent objects. 相似文献
124.
Malhar N. Kumar 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2008,6(3):211-228
Biomedical research has increased in magnitude over the last two decades. Increasing number of researchers has led to increase
in competition for scarce resources. Researchers have often tried to take the shortest route to success which may involve
performing fraudulent research. Science suffers from unethical research as much time, effort and cost is involved in exposing
fraud and setting the standards right. It is better for all students of science to be aware of the methods used in fraudulent
research so that such research can be detected early. Biomedical research is one area that seems to have attracted maximum
numbers of fraudulent researchers; hence this article devotes itself to biomedical research scenario. 相似文献
125.
A review of race socialization within Black families 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
126.
《Behavior Therapy》2022,53(6):1077-1091
Black adults with anxiety and/or depressive disorders underutilize outpatient psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment compared to White adults. Notably, anxiety and depressive disorders tend to be chronic and Black individuals with these disorders experience greater functional impairment than White individuals. Documented racial disparities in mental health treatment initiation indicate a need for research that addresses culture-specific barriers to treatment. This review paper critically evaluates existing theoretical models of treatment seeking among Black adults to inform a novel integrated, culturally contextualized model. This model extends previous ones by incorporating factors relevant to treatment seeking among Black adults (e.g., racial identity, perceived discrimination, medical mistrust) and critically examines how these factors intersect with key factors at three levels of influence of the treatment seeking process: the individual level, the community level, and the societal level. We posit interactions among factors at the three levels of influence and how these may impact treatment seeking decisions among Black adults. This model informs suggestions for enhancing interventions designed to support outpatient service use among Black adults. 相似文献
127.
This qualitative study was designed to identify African American early adolescents’ subjective meanings of African American
women’s sexuality through an examination of Stephens & Phillips (2003) sexual images—the Diva, Gold Digger, Freak, Dyke, Gangster Bitch, Sister Savior, Earth Mother, and Baby Mama. These eight
sexual images both inform and reflect beliefs about African American women’s physical attractiveness. Interpersonal relationship
decision making processes also were influenced by these conceptual frameworks of African American women’s sexuality. Findings
from this study are important given the tendency of previous researchers to ignore race and intraethnic variations in studies
of beliefs about attitudes toward sexuality. 相似文献
128.
Moral development research has often focused on the development of moral reasoning without considering children's understanding of moral advisors. We investigated how children construe sources of moral advice by examining the characteristics that children deem necessary for reasoning about moral or scientific problems. In two experiments, children in grades K, 2, and 4 were presented with dilemmas of a moral nature or scientific nature and chose between two advisors. Second and fourth graders chose advisors differentially based on their expertise, while kindergartners did not discriminate between advisors. In a third experiment, older children indicated that only certain characteristics are needed to solve moral or scientific problems, and they endorsed these characteristics differentially based on the problem to be solved. Thus, by middle childhood, children construe moral knowledge as distinct from scientific knowledge and select advisors in each area accordingly. 相似文献
129.
Daphna Oyserman Ayse K. Uskul Nicholas Yoder Randy M. Nesse David R. Williams 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2007,43(3):505-512
Ample correlational evidence exists that perceived unfair treatment is negatively related to well-being, health, and goal striving but the underlying process is unclear. We hypothesized that effects are due in part to contextual priming of prevention focus and the negative consequences of chronic prevention-focused vigilance. Indeed, reasonable responses to unfair treatment—to avoid situations in which it occurs or if this is not possible, confront it head on—fit prevention self-regulatory focus response patterns. Results from three experiments support this notion. Priming stigmatized social category membership heightened students’ prevention (not promotion) focus (n = 117). Priming non-stigmatized social category membership (i.e., white) did not change prevention focus (n = 46). Priming prevention (not promotion) increased perceptions of unfair treatment (and aroused prevention-relevant fight or flight responses) in response to a negative ambiguous job situation among low and moderate income adults (n = 112). 相似文献
130.
Wade E. Pickren 《Psychological studies》2009,54(2):87-95
This article argues for the development of a historical perspective to help understand the process of indigenization in psychology.
The indigenization of psychology in both the United States and India is shown to be part of larger social, economic, and political
processes. A center and periphery model of knowledge production and praxes is deployed to show how practices of scientific
imperialism are used to maintain the hegemony of the center. It is argued that historical approaches may be useful to challenge
and counter such practices. Finally, the authors call for a polycentric history of psychology that will correspond to the
emerging polycentrism exemplified in indigenous psychologies. 相似文献