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51.
Christopher G. McCusker Isabel C. H. Clare Clara Cullen Judith Reep 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》1993,3(1):29-40
Alcohol-related knowledge and attitudes in people with a mild learning disability, who were either living, or being prepared to live, in relatively independent conditions in the community, were assessed through a structured interview format. Compared with non-learning-disabled teenagers, adults and a hospitalized patient sample, alcohol-related knowledge in the people with a learning disability was found to be significantly poorer, alcohol was reported as having particularly negative effects and susceptibility to social pressure to drink alcohol was greater. A ‘sensible drinking’ group, taking a social skills and influences approach to alcohol education, was conducted with a subgroup of the individuals with a learning disability. The group format and methods, including in vivo sessions in a public house, are described. Follow-up evaluations suggested some significant positive changes in knowledge, attitudes and sensible drinking skills. It is concluded that this population, which is increasingly living, or being moved into, independent conditions in the community, is at least as vulnerable to social influences on alcohol use and abuse as are young people. As with young people, the usefulness of making available such alcohol-education programmes as described in this study, is discussed. 相似文献
52.
Despite over a decade of research and debate into the issue of relapse the majority of people in treatment for alcohol-related problems still relapse. In this paper the results of an innovative relapse prevention and management programme are reported. It was found that a cognitive-behavioural package of strategies reduced the likelihood of relapse. On average, clients receiving this experimental package took four times longer to return to any alcohol use and seven times longer to return to ‘heavy drinking’ than did a conventional treatment control group. However, notwithstanding these results, 60 per cent of the experimental group did return to harmful drinking. The authors question whether further refinement of these procedures is possible, and suggest that if relapse rates are to be further reduced then greater attention needs to be given by counsellors to clients' social environment. 相似文献
53.
Leonore M.J. Simon 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》1998,7(3):137-159
In examining the effectiveness of offender treatment, this article attempts to integrate disparate bodies of knowledge. An overview of the effectiveness of offender treatment is presented. To put offender treatment into perspectives, the psychotherapy outcome literature for nonoffenders is briefly reviewed. The complexity of offender treatment is further explored by reviewing correlates and antecedents of criminality that include antisocial personality disorder, antisocial behavior in children, and substance abuse. Implications of the existing body of knowledge on future policy and more active involvement by psychologists are discussed. 相似文献
54.
The authors examined psychosocial correlates of drug and alcohol abuse in 462 hospitalized adolescents, and the extent to which these associations may be affected by gender or by substance type. Participants completed a battery of psychometrically-sound, self-report measures of psychological functioning, environmental stress, drug abuse, and alcohol abuse. Four multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the joint and independent predictors of drug abuse and alcohol abuse, for males and for females. Multiple regression analysis revealed that seven variables--age, depression, impulsivity, low self-esteem, delinquent predisposition, low peer insecurity, and history of child abuse--jointly predicted both drug and alcohol abuse, for both males and females. However, several differences were found with respect to which variables made independent contributions to the predictive models--with only delinquent predisposition making a significant independent contribution for all four conditions. We found distinct patterns of psychosocial predictor variables for drug and alcohol abuse, as well as distinct patterns for males and females. These results may reflect differing risk factors for drug abuse and alcohol abuse in adolescent psychiatric patients--and differing risk factors for males and females. Such differences have potential implications for prevention and treatment. 相似文献
55.
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Approach and Avoidance of Alcohol Questionnaire (AAAQ) in Alcohol Dependent Outpatients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Audrey A. Klein Paul R. Stasiewicz James R. Koutsky Clara M. Bradizza Scott F. Coffey 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(4):231-240
The Approach and Avoidance of Alcohol Questionnaire (AAAQ; McEvoy et al. in Addiction 99:482–497, 2004) was administered to a clinical sample of 138 alcohol dependent men and women. An exploratory factor analysis was used to
determine the AAAQ factor structure and a confirmatory analysis run on a second administration of the AAAQ. Convergent validity
was examined by conducting an alcohol cue reactivity test and by administering the Timeline Follow-Back (TLFB), a retrospective
calendar method for assessing alcohol consumption, and several measures of alcohol-related problems. The factor analysis supported
a two-factor solution representing approach and avoidance dimensions. Regressions predicting measures of alcohol cue reactivity,
alcohol consumption, and other alcohol-related constructs with the AAAQ provide support for its convergent validity. The results
suggest that alcohol craving may be viewed as a multi-dimensional construct that includes both approach and avoidance inclinations
which may vary depending on the population under examination.
相似文献
Paul R. StasiewiczEmail: |
56.
Noelle R. Leonard Marya V. Gwadz Gricel N. Arredondo Marion Riedel Lauren Rotko Emily J. Hardcastle Jodi C. Potere 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(4):531-544
The abuse of alcohol and other substances by mothers raising adolescent children has serious adverse effects on family functioning
and youth outcomes, and on mothers’ own health and adaptation. Mothers who are also HIV-infected face additional challenges.
In the present report, we describe a multi-session intervention conducted in individual sessions for mothers with alcohol
and other substance use problems who are raising adolescent children. We outline the primary components of the intervention
and include case studies and examples of exercises and tools. We found that engagement with the intervention and high rates
of attendance were facilitated by tapping into mothers’ desires to improve their relationships with their adolescent children,
the use of a harm reduction approach toward substance use, and intensive outreach. We also discuss lessons learned in the
course of implementing and evaluating the intervention. 相似文献
57.
This research explores relationships between aspects of spiritual well-being, alcohol use and related social-cognitions in
college women. The sample included 151 female college students ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. Participants read a behavioral
vignette depicting alcohol use by a student and completed a survey that included measures of alcohol use, counterfactual attributions
and beliefs about drinking, as well as religious and existential aspects of spiritual well-being. Results suggested religious-
and existential well-being to be inversely associated with indices of alcohol use and the likelihood of attending a social
event where alcohol is present. Further, religious well-being was found to be negatively associated with beliefs concerning
the social-effects of alcohol, while existential well-being was observed to be a significant predictor of a composite set
of attributions related to alcohol prevention. Importantly, these data suggest religious and existential aspects of spiritual
well-being as moderators of behavior as well as causal attributions and beliefs that represent a cognitive mechanism of alcohol
prevention in college women. Use of counterfactual exercises as an educational technique, and potential barriers of religious
and existential oriented prevention programs are briefly discussed. 相似文献
58.
Strelnikov K 《Brain and cognition》2007,65(3):244-251
This article aims to provide a theoretical framework to elucidate the neurophysiological underpinnings of deviance detection as reflected by mismatch negativity. A six-step model of the information processing necessary for deviance detection is proposed. In this model, predictive coding of learned regularities is realized by means of long-term potentiation with a crucial role for NMDA receptors. Mismatch negativity occurs at the last stage of the model, reflecting the increase in free energy associated with the switching on of silent synapses and the formation of new neural circuits required for adaptation to the environmental deviance. The model is discussed with regard to the pathological states most studied in relation to mismatch negativity: alcohol intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, and schizophrenia. 相似文献
59.
James Allen Gerald V. Mohatt Carlotta Ching Ting Fok David Henry Rebekah Burkett 《American journal of community psychology》2014,54(1-2):125-139
This study provides an empirical test of a culturally grounded theoretical model for prevention of alcohol abuse and suicide risk with Alaska Native youth, using a promising set of culturally appropriate measures for the study of the process of change and outcome. This model is derived from qualitative work that generated an heuristic model of protective factors from alcohol (Allen et al. in J Prev Interv Commun 32:41–59, 2006; Mohatt et al. in Am J Commun Psychol 33:263–273, 2004a; Harm Reduct 1, 2004b). Participants included 413 rural Alaska Native youth ages 12–18 who assisted in testing a predictive model of Reasons for Life and Reflective Processes about alcohol abuse consequences as co-occurring outcomes. Specific individual, family, peer, and community level protective factor variables predicted these outcomes. Results suggest prominent roles for these predictor variables as intermediate prevention strategy target variables in a theoretical model for a multilevel intervention. The model guides understanding of underlying change processes in an intervention to increase the ultimate outcome variables of Reasons for Life and Reflective Processes regarding the consequences of alcohol abuse. 相似文献
60.
《Psychology of sport and exercise》2014,15(6):668-674
ObjectivesThis research examined group differences between women who reported using exercise as a compensatory behavior (ECB; n = 73) and women who did not report using exercise as a compensatory behavior (NECB; n = 133) on alcohol and exercise behavior, drinking and exercise motivation, and several related constructs.DesignA cross-sectional design was used.MethodsUndergraduate women (M age = 19.5 years, SD = 3.01 years) completed self-report measures regarding their alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, exercise behavior, alcohol and exercise motivations, impulsivity, body dissatisfaction, and dietary restraint.ResultsResults indicated that women in the ECB group reported consuming more alcohol, more binge drinking episodes, more alcohol-related problems, higher alcohol and exercise motivations, more exercise, and greater impulsivity, body dissatisfaction, and dietary restraint than women in the NECB group (p's ranging from <.0001 to .017).ConclusionsInterestingly, women who use exercise as a compensatory behavior consumed higher amounts of alcohol, but did not drink more frequently than women who did not use exercise as a compensatory behavior. Women who use exercise as a compensatory behavior also endorse drinking and exercise motives more strongly than women who did not use exercise as a compensatory behavior. 相似文献