学业受挫大学生心理健康情况调查及大学生学业受挫成因与对策研究

目的：了解学业受挫大学生心理健康情况,掌握学业受挫大学生心理异常发生比率,寻找帮助大学生走出学业困境的方法。方法：以408名学业不及格大学生为研究对象,进行Symptom Check—List 90测试,检查学业受挫大学生心理异常发生比率;同时配合以自制的问卷调查表进行问卷调查,了解大学生学业受挫的成因及大学生学业受挫后的心理状况。结果：学业受挫大学生心理异常发生比率较高;不同补考次数学业受挫大学生心理健康状况存在差异;大学生学业受挫归因存在一定误区,学业受挫会给大学生带来种种不良心理反映。结论：学业受挫是导致大学生心理异常的原因,学业受挫给大学生带来的种种不良心理反映又是影响大学生再学习的重要原因,应帮助学业受挫大学生走出学业困境。     

If Not Him, It Would Have Been His Brother

The Arab-Muslim countries have remained pre-modern as opposed to other countries that have been able to find a balance between their local culture and a universal culture. Arab-Muslims have remained tied to their cultural specificity, a fact which, in my opinion, is related to a complex based on the defensiveness of the former colonized. This complex drives them to remain closed to any cultural communication and therefore to any opening capable of allowing the emergence of a sensibility to their rights as human beings, or even the development of a will to bring about a democratic environment in their countries.     

自然事物认知偏好的初步实验研究

本研究从认知心理学角度采用实验方法探索自然科学学习的影响因素。发现：1自然事物的认知偏好中存在内隐学习现象。2．自然事物认知偏好的表现非常复杂：年龄的影响并不显著,经验的影响不可忽视;3．性别差异十分明显,男生比女生的自然事物认知偏好更为肯定更为积极,很可能社会性别角色是造成自然科学学习结果差异的重要原因;4．内隐组学习坦率好奇,倾向于把自然事物看得更熟悉更容易,具有更强的探究兴趣：外显组学生矜持审慎,倾向于把自然事物看得更陌生更难以理解,探究兴趣较弱。因此,科学教育要创设情境让学生潜移默化地学以致用;要帮助学生利用经验并从中获取乐趣、增长兴趣、树立志趣;要鼓励女孩子大胆挑战科学。     

论《伏羲六十四卦方图》与黄泛平原土壤剖面之契合

古易博大精深 ,今易功用深奥。对《伏羲六十四卦方图》用心领悟 ,“极深研几” ,偶与黄泛平原之壤平垂分布之象比拟 ,其相似程度令人嗟叹不已 :六十四卦二进制象数与土壤质地和层次排列关系完全相符 ,其易理幽然 ,其意义非凡。它对于现代西方土壤学研究的启迪作用显示着东方文化的无穷魅力     

Organizing Components into Combinations: How Stage Transition Works

This paper investigates the nature of transition between stages. The Model of Hierarchical Complexity of tasks leads to a quantal notion of stage, and therefore delineates the nature of stage transition. Piaget's dialectical model of stage change was extended and precisely specified. Transition behavior was shown to consist of alternations in previous-stage behavior. As transition proceeded, the alternations increased in rate until the previous stage behaviors were “smashed” together. Once the smashed-together pieces became coordinated, new-stage behavior could be said to have formed. Because stage transition is quantal, individuals can only change performance by whole stage. We reviewed theories of the specific means by which new-stage behavior may be acquired and the emotions and personalities associated with steps in transition. Contemporary challenges in the society increasingly call for transition to postformal and postconventional responses on the part of both individuals and institutions as the examples illustrate.     

Power and the Illusion of Transparency in Negotiations

This study examines how the illusion of transparency in negotiation differs depending on whether one is the powerful or less powerful negotiator. The illusion of transparency is the tendency for individuals to overestimate the extent to which their internal states and intentions are apparent to an outside observer. Thus, this illusion equals the difference between perceived and actual transparency. We predict that less powerful negotiators experience more perceived transparency than do powerful negotiators and that powerful negotiators exhibit greater actual transparency than do less powerful negotiators. The main hypothesis that the illusion of transparency is greater for less powerful negotiators than for powerful negotiators was supported.     

国有中型制造业中层管理者胜任特征模型的构建研究

研究采用质性研究和量化研究相结合的方法,对国有中型制造业中层管理者的胜任特征进行了系统、深入的研究,由3个部分构成。研究1采用行为事件访谈技术、德尔菲法、核检表法初步建立起包含17项胜任特征,聚为6个胜任特征群的模型;研究2对模型的内部结构探索验证,发现七因素模型比六因素模型更稳定;研究3采用聚类和层次分析法获得模型的系统权重。研究为胜任特征模型的研究提供了理论支持和应用指导。     

中国文化下伴侣身高偏好的性别二态性研究

本研究首次考察中国文化下伴侣身高性别二态性偏好,验证Pawlowski潜在伴侣身高偏好条件性假设,并探讨性别角色对身高偏好的影响。结果表明：（1）选择不同身高搭配组的男女身高均有显著差异,低个男性和高个女性会选择和自已身高接近的伴侣高度。（2）男性对伴侣身高要求比女性更宽容。（3）不同性别角色类型被试对身高偏好无显著差异。     

Piercing the Veil: Ethical Issues in Ethnographic Research

It is not unusual for researchers in ethnography (and sometimes Institutional Review Boards) to assume that research of “public” behavior is morally unproblematic. I examine an historical case of ethnographic research and the sustained moral outrage to the research expressed by the subjects of that research. I suggest that the moral outrage was legitimate and articulate some of the ethical issues underlying that outrage. I argue that morally problematic Ethnographic research of public behavior can derive from research practice that includes a tendency to collapse the distinction between harm and moral wrong, a failure to take account of recent work on ethical issues in privacy; failure to appreciate the deception involved in ethnographers’ failure to reveal their role as researchers to subjects and finally a failure to appropriately weigh the moral significance of issues of invasion of privacy and inflicted insight in both the research process and subsequent publication of research.

Measuring Meaning in Life

The present studies addressed the need for a comprehensive, economical, and psychometrically adequate measure of existential meaning. In Study 1, principal-axis factor analysis of participants’ responses to popular meaning measures identified five latent constructs underlying them, labelled purposeful life, principled life, valued life, exciting life, and accomplished life. These dimensions resonate with the meaning in life concept as understood by Frankl (1963. Man’s search for meaning. (Revised Ed.) London: Hodder & Stoughton) and the panoply of subsequent theoretical definitions (e.g. Battista and Almond. (1973). Psychiatry, 36, 409–427; 2000. Exploring existential meaning: Optimising human development across the life span (pp. 39–55). USA: Sage; 1998. The human quest for meaning: A handbook of psychological research and clinical applications (pp. 11–140). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum). Study 2 used these results as a foundation for developing a psychometrically satisfactory self-report questionnaire of each of these aspects of meaning in life. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validated a five-factor structure, with each factor loading on a common second-order factor. Study 3 provided evidence for this new measure’s convergent validity and economic property. The final Meaningful Life Measure is reported and provides comprehensive but differentiated measurement of the meaning in life construct.