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121.
Farmer TW Price LN O'Neal KK Leung MC Goforth JB Cairns BD Reese LE 《American journal of community psychology》2004,33(1-2):51-59
Two studies were conducted to explore the degree to which single- and multiple-risk profiles were evident in samples of African American early adolescents in low-income inner-city, rural, and suburban schools. Study 1 examined early adolescent risk status (i.e., single, multiple) in relation to later adjustment in a representative sample (70% European American, 30% African American). Youth who experienced a single risk in early adolescence had moderately increased levels of school dropout and criminal arrests, whereas youth with multiple risks (i.e., combination of 2 or more risks) had significantly increased levels of school dropout, criminal arrests, and teen parenthood. Study 2 examined the extent to which single- and multiple-risk profiles were evident in cross-sectional samples of African American youth from low-income inner-city and rural areas. About one fourth of both the inner-city and rural samples of African American youth were composed of youth in the single-risk category. A significantly greater proportion of boys in the inner-city sample (20%) than boys in the rural sample (13%) experienced multiple risks. Girls across the rural and inner-city samples did not differ in terms of risk. Overall, more than 60% of African American youth in these two low-income samples did not evidence risk for later adjustment problems. Implications for research and intervention are discussed. 相似文献
122.
Sherri F. Seyfried 《American journal of community psychology》1998,26(3):381-402
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with the academic success of predominantly, middle-class African American preadolescent students. This study proposed an ecological model that considered the interaction of family environment, teacher perceptions of social skills, and student characteristics. The estimated model explained 58% of the variance in grade point average. Path analysis revealed three direct effects on grade point average, (a) grade level (negative), (b) teacher perceptions of social skills, and (c) academic ability. Findings revealed that teacher perceptions of social skills was a stronger predictor of grade point average than academic ability. Two indirect effects on grade point average were found. The first indirect effect was negative: gender predicted academic ability, which predicted teacher perceptions of social skills, which predicted grade point average. The second indirect effect was positive and it was from ability to teacher perceptions to grade point average. Implications for policy and practice are made that suggest a collaborative model of school counseling designed to promote the social and academic competence of African American students. Interventions that enhance teacher practices are also suggested. 相似文献
123.
Kamila S. White Steven E. Bruce Albert D. Farrell Wendy Kliewer 《Journal of child and family studies》1998,7(2):187-203
In a longitudinal study, we examined the relationship between exposure to community violence and anxiety, and the extent to which family social support moderated this relationship within a predominantly African American sample of 385 children in an urban public school system. Children reported notably lower anxiety levels compared to normative data for African American children. A high percentage reported witnessing a variety of violent acts. Cross-sectional results indicated that among girls exposure to violence was significantly correlated with total, physiological, and concentration anxiety. Among boys violence exposure was not associated with anxiety. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that after controlling for gender, exposure to violence at Time 1 did not significantly predict changes in anxiety. A significant interaction was found for gender and exposure to violence on concentration anxiety; girls who reported higher initial violence exposure reported greater increases in subsequent concentration anxiety than boys. Whereas findings from our study did not support a moderating relationship of family social support on children's exposure to violence and anxiety, a strong negative relationship was found between anxiety and family support. Among children with initially low worry anxiety, those with low family social support showed greater increases in subsequent worry anxiety. 相似文献
124.
Madipoane Masenya 《Dialog》2020,59(2):107-114
The narrative of the interaction of African (South African) women and the Bible is first situated within the framework of the folktale of the Lion and the Rabbit. The theme of the multiplication of (male) babies as featured in Exodus 1 is then re-read through the hermeneutical lenses of African (South African) women's experiences. If Exodus 1 is read in family-oriented cultures like that of ancient Israel and Africa, what insights may be gleaned? Which reading(s) may emerge? Will the resultant readings matter especially to African (South) African women? The preceding questions, will be engaged with in this essay. 相似文献
125.
Neighborhood Poverty, Social Capital, and the Cognitive Development of African American Preschoolers
In this investigation, we examine the impact of the ecological context of the residential neighborhood on the cognitive development of children by considering social processes not only at the family-level but also at the neighborhood-level. In a socioeconomically diverse sample of 200 African American children living in 39 neighborhoods in Baltimore, we found that neighborhood poverty was associated with poorer problem-solving skills over and above the influence of family economic resources and level of positive parent involvement. Sampson has theorized that neighborhood poverty affects child well-being by altering levels of neighborhood social capital as well as family social capital. Although we found that indicators of neighborhood and family social capital were associated with cognitive skills, these factors did not explain the association between neighborhood poverty and problem-solving ability. Implications for future research in the area of neighborhoods and child development are discussed. 相似文献
126.
This article describes challenges we encountered when organizing a group of African Americans and Latinos in a community where ethnic tensions had been normative. We relate how the first author, a Caucasian with a university affiliation, entered this diverse community and employed ethnographic methods in an attempt to understand it. The ethnography provides a context for the principal challenge we encountered: ensuring that the group had ethnic balance. Focusing on the group's first meeting, we describe the uncertainty of whether our work would be helpful or harmful to the community. We conclude with reflections on the gaps between science and practice in diverse communities; the utility and limits of ethnography; the multiple ecological levels of influence on the community; dilemmas around a White male taking proactive stances while trying to empower a group consisting mostly of women of color; and the influence of values we brought to the community. 相似文献
127.
Molock SD Barksdale C Matlin S Puri R Cammack N Spann M 《American journal of community psychology》2007,40(1-2):52-63
This qualitative study explores adolescents’ perceptions of help-seeking behaviors in the context of a hypothetical suicide
crisis. Cauce and colleague’s (2002, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 44–55) model was used to examine help-seeking behaviors in 3 domains: problem recognition, decision to seek help, and selection
of helpers. Forty-two church-going African American adolescents participated in 1 of 6 focus groups that discussed ways to
help a hypothetically suicidal student in a vignette. Findings suggest that although the majority of youth had been exposed
to a suicidal peer (76%), they were unsure of the seriousness of suicide as a problem in the African American community. The
findings suggest that youth were less comfortable with formal interventions in school, religious institutions or traditional
mental health settings. However, youth were open to community-based programs that could be located in school, church or community
settings if helpers were: young adults, empathic listeners, non-judgmental, maintained confidentiality, and viewed as “natural
helpers”. Implications for developing church-based suicide interventions are discussed.
This study was supported by a K-01 Career Development Award from NIMH 相似文献
128.
Bullying and victimization are serious problems for youth of many ages and from a variety of backgrounds. These behaviors have not, however, been widely studied in rural minorities. The current work examined behavioral and social correlates of bullying and victimization in a sample of rural African American youth. Incidence rates of bullying, victimization, and aggressive victimization parallel those in other populations. Bullies were rated as aggressive, hyperactive, and manipulative. Bullies and victims were both sociometrically rejected, but while victims were on the margin of the social network, bullies were integrated in their groups. Bullies' associations were heterogeneous: they belonged to both aggressive and non-aggressive and popular and unpopular groups. They also were highly likely to be leaders of their groups. 相似文献
129.
Our study tested an extension of the social resource model in an urban sample of 129 African American and 114 European American
adolescents. Maternal involvement was positively related to the use of active and avoidant coping strategies among youth of
both ethnicities. Additionally, use of active coping strategies was related to greater coping efficacy, which, in turn, was
associated with less depressive symptomatology. For African Americans, avoidant coping was related to greater coping efficacy,
which, in turn, was associated with less depressive symptoms. For European Americans, avoidant coping was not significantly
related to coping efficacy. Our findings underscore the importance of examining developmental models across ethnic/racial
groups and suggest that adolescent mental health programs may benefit from culturally sensitive attention to coping beliefs
and practices. 相似文献
130.
Karia Kelch-Oliver Chaundrissa Oyeshiku Smith Dayna Diaz Marietta H. Collins 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(4):376-384
Depressive disorders in children with chronic illnesses have received little attention despite some evidence suggesting that
these children experience increased psychological difficulties as a result of their medical condition. Most of the research
on depressive disorders among children has been conducted primarily with Caucasian youth, limiting generalizability to ethnically
diverse populations. Further, even less research exists on depressive disorders among African American children with Sickle
Cell Disease (SCD) and for African American youth from lower socioeconomic status who are at greater risk for depressive disorders.
This paper is an extensive review of the major studies conducted on depression and psychosocial aspects of SCD in African
American children. The Transactional Stress and Coping model is provided as a conceptual framework. Following the review,
clinical and research implications are provided, as well as an illustration of a psychoeducational family intervention with
an African American child who has SCD and internalizing behaviors. 相似文献