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41.
The Feedback Environment, as opposed to the formal performance appraisal process, is comprised of the daily interactions between members of an organization (Steelman, Levy, & Snell, in press). Relations between the feedback environment and work outcome variables such as Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) were examined through the mediating effects of affective commitment. Results indicate that affective commitment mediates the relation between the feedback environment and organizational citizenship behavior, and this mediated relation is stronger for OCBs directed at individuals than directed at the organization as a whole. Conclusions and implications are discussed. 相似文献
42.
The aim of the paper is to contribute to knowledge on the causes and consequences of affective states at work by identifying several job-related events likely to produce affective states and then studying the impact of the latter on work attitudes. Affective Events Theory was the theoretical framework used for the study and two main hypotheses were stated: experiencing certain work events leads to affective reactions, which in turn influence work attitudes. An empirical study based on 203 questionnaires was performed on a sample of French managers. The results support both research hypotheses, although the impact of affective states on work attitudes appeared larger than the impact of work events on affective states. The mediating effect of affective events with respect to the impact of work events was also tested, but only partially supported. 相似文献
43.
Paula C. Morrow 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2011,(1):18-35
This article summarizes what is known about the active management of affective organizational commitment (AOC) through a review of 58 studies employing longitudinal research designs. The review yields six broad categories of antecedents that have empirically demonstrated effects on AOC: socialization practices, organizational changes, human resource practices, interpersonal relations, employee–organizational relations, and a residual “other” category. Insights from the review include (a) that perceptions of personal attachment to the organization are among the most substantiated (but tenuous) strategies for enhancing AOC, (b) that theorizing and research efforts have focused almost exclusively on achieving high levels of AOC, and (c) organizations have been reticent to address situations when AOC is low. Implications and recommendations for the theoretical, research and practical advancement of AOC are offered. 相似文献
44.
Annika Melinder Danielle Forbes Ed Tronick Linn Fikke Gustaf Gredebck 《Infant behavior & development》2010,33(4):472-481
The Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm (FFSF) has been used to investigate how infants react to stressful events. However, there is little developmental data on the FFSF effect, and whether it connects to a specific relationship (e.g., to a mother versus a stranger). This prospective longitudinal study aims to evaluate developmental changes in infant reaction to the FFSF presented by the mother or a stranger at 2, 4, 6, and 8 months of age (n = 39). Results show that infant negativity was expressed less in relation to a stranger, the identity effect. Results further suggest that from 6 to 8 months of age, stranger induced protest flattens out; whereas mother induced protest decreases. The results are discussed in relation to different theories regarding infant responsiveness. 相似文献
45.
46.
Karen L. Kuchan 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(2):276-275
This article underscores the potential benefit of a specific form of Christian prayer that creates space within a spiritual
direction relationship for the creation of inner images that reveal a person’s unconscious relational longings and co-created
representations of God. In this specific type of prayer that can be facilitated by mental health professionals and pastoral
counselors, imagery of God’s presence is created in the space between a Christian spiritual director and a Christian directee
while they are open to inner experiences that reveal God’s presence interacting with infantile processes toward aliveness.
Aliveness is understood using Winnicottian notions in dialog with theories proposed by Allan N. Schore, affective neuropsychologist
and Clinical Faculty at UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Ann Belford Ulanov, Jungian Analyst and Professor of Psychiatry
and Religion at Union Theological Seminary and W.R.D., British psychoanalyst in the Objects Relations School. Ideas of transitional
space, good enough mother, holding environment, aggression, creativity, and play are set alongside theories of affect regulation,
the developing brain, co-created objective God images, the relational nature of God and being received as good while illuminating
three prayer experiences during one 30-year-old Asian American woman’s 16-month therapeutic process toward aliveness.
相似文献
Karen L. KuchanEmail: |
47.
Two constructs—need for cognition (NFC) and affective orientation (AO)—might be helpful in explaining and ultimately predicting
two measures of sales performance: a self-rated behavioral measure and an objective sales measure. Specifically, we hypothesize
(1) a positive relationship between NFC and sales performance; (2) a positive relationship between AO and sales performance;
and (3) a positive interaction effect between NFC and AO on sales performance. The results of this study revealed both NFC
and AO correlated with self-rated behavioral performance but only NFC correlated with both performance measures; suggesting
that need for cognition may be the more influential of the two for sales organizations concerned with selling behaviors as
well as sales outcomes. The hypothesized interaction effect was not supported. 相似文献
48.
Daniel A. Fockenberg Sander L. Koole Gün R. Semin 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2006,42(6):799-806
It is well-established that affective stimuli can prime congruent evaluations if they precede the target within a short time interval, i.e., forward affective priming. The present research examines whether similar effects occur if affective primes succeed target presentation, i.e., backward affective priming. Experiments 1 found short-lived, yet reliable backward affective priming. Experiment 2 found parallel forward affective priming in the same paradigm. Experiment 3 found forward and backward affective priming in a within-subjects design. Comparison with neutral primes suggested that the observed effects were mainly due to interference. Backward affective priming is a robust phenomenon that may reflect a rapid and continuous evaluation of environmental stimuli. 相似文献
49.
Two studies were conducted to examine the link between employee perceptions of the psychological contract and their affective and normative commitments to the organization. The authors adapt a new approach to the study of psychological contracts by developing a generalizable measure of contract features (e.g., scope; time frame). In Study 1 (N = 301), the authors predicted and found that employees’ perceptions of the contract’s features contributed beyond perceptions of contract type (i.e., transactional; relational) and fulfillment to the prediction of affective and normative commitment. In Study 2 (N = 147), the features measure was refined and results from the first study were largely replicated. In both studies, affective and normative commitment were greater when employees viewed the contract as broad, trust-based, equal, negotiated, tangible, and long-term, and weaker when they saw it as unequal, imposed, and short-term. We also found evidence for patterns of features that correspond to transactional and relational contracts, as well as to recently proposed balanced contracts and I-Deals. Implications for theory and the management of psychological contracts are discussed. 相似文献
50.
We discuss how individualistic/collectivistic orientations of employees predict affective well-being at work, and how this
relationship is moderated by the perceptions of spirit of camaraderie in organizations. The sample comprises 161 employees
of 109 organizations operating in Portugal, a collectivistic culture. The findings suggest that: (a) collectivistic individuals
show higher affective well-being than individualists; (b) this relationship is moderated by the employees’ perceptions of
the spirit of camaraderie in their organizations; (c) higher affective well being levels tend to be experienced by collectivists
who find working in an organizational context to be rich in spirit of camaraderie, and lower levels of affective well being
are expressed by individualists who perceive poor spirit of camaraderie in their working environments. The paper emphasizes
that employee happiness can have different bases in different cultures and that individualism/collectivism orientations do
not operate in the same way in different cultural and organizational contexts.
We are very grateful to the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. 相似文献