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371.
We integrated findings from 35 recent, longitudinal studies of the onset of heterosexual intercourse. Correlates of adolescent sexual intercourse onset, whether in early (before age 16) or middle (ages 16–18) adolescence, included living with other than two biological parents, being less monitored by parents, having more advanced physical maturity and more involvement in dating behavior, and having more permissive attitudes toward sex. When studies were organized by age of participants, the onset of intercourse was more strongly associated with alcohol use, delinquency, school problems and (for girls) depressive symptoms in Early studies (sexual intercourse by age 15 or before only) than was found in studies classified as Middle (assessment of sexual intercourse up to age 18) or Late (knowledge of those who delayed until after age 18). Although more research is needed, additional factors were associated with delaying first sexual intercourse until after age 18, including religious attitudes and anxiety, with some factors more relevant for girls and some more applicable to boys. In total, the evidence suggests there are many similarities, but also some important differences, in the correlates associated with early versus middle versus later onset of sexual intercourse. This seems to signify more than one pathway (set of distal and proximal correlates) associated with sexual behavior during adolescence that should be tested in future research. Throughout the review, we highlight differences in the correlates of girls’ versus boys’ sexual intercourse and how race/ethnicity moderates associations. These gender and racial/ethnic differences were found largely in analyses of family processes, school and religion, and parent education. We end by summarizing several priority areas for future research. 相似文献
372.
Jessica Vando Dana M. Rhule-Louie Robert J. McMahon Susan J. Spieker 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(5):615-628
Abtract We examined the extent to which infant attachment status is directly related to child conduct problems 6 years later, and
assessed the potential mediating roles of hostile parenting and maternal depression. The sample included 84 adolescent mothers
and their children (45 girls, 39 boys). Infant attachment status was assessed using the Strange Situation when the study children
were 1-year-old. Hostile parenting was coded during a parent–child interaction task when the study children were 4.5-years-old.
Maternal depression was self-rated, also when the study children were 4.5-years-old, using the Beck Depression Inventory.
Mothers reported child conduct problems at Grade 1 on the Child Behavior Checklist. Infant attachment status at 1 year of
age was directly related to child conduct problems but not to hostile parenting or maternal depression. Neither hostile parenting
nor maternal depression mediated the relationship between infant attachment status and child conduct problems. However, the
pattern of relations differed by attachment security. For securely attached children, maternal depression, but not hostile
parenting, was directly related to conduct problems. For insecurely attached children, hostile parenting, but not maternal
depression, was directly related to child conduct problems. Implications for intervention and future research are discussed. 相似文献
373.
Kerri L. Kim Yo Jackson Selby M. Conrad Heather L. Hunter 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(5):735-751
Research consistently shows that children exposed to interparental conflict are at-risk for experiencing psychopathology.
Establishing a link, however, between interparental conflict and maladjustment is not the same as understanding how specific outcomes manifest. Therefore, we examined the relation of interparental conflict and appraisal with adolescent outcome
with 169 high school students (ages 14–19 years). Specifically, threat and self-blame appraisals were hypothesized to mediate
the relation between interparental conflict and both adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. Results suggest that threat partially
mediated the relation between interparental conflict and externalizing problems, interparental conflict and internalizing
problems, and interparental conflict and adaptive behaviors. Additionally, self-blame appears to partially mediate the relation
between interparental conflict and internalizing problems. Implications of the current findings are discussed. 相似文献
374.
This research examines the relationship between childhood physical and sexual abuse and the types of crimes committed by male adult offenders. We use the method of discriminant prediction to determine whether independent and dependent variables are related in ways that theories predict. Our analyses of data from the Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities suggest that offenders model specific behaviors to which they have been exposed. Male offenders who were sexually abused as a child are more likely to commit sexual offenses, particularly sexual offenses against children, than nonsexual offenses. Offenders who were physically abused are more likely to engage in violent offenses than nonviolent offenses. Further analyses show that sexual offenders, and to a lesser extent violent offenders, are likely to specialize in those offenses. Our results are consistent with a social learning approach. They address a heretofore neglected issue: what exactly do children model when they are mistreated. Aggr. Behav. 35:489–501, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
375.
Phillip J. Tully Ian T. Zajac Anthony J. Venning 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(5):717-726
It has been reported that depression and anxiety have overlapping symptoms and are conceptually interrelated. One of the most
prominent theoretical developments that explain this association is Clark and Watson’s tripartite model (Journal of Abnormal
Psychology, 100:316–336, 1991) that posits these two disorders and negative emotions share a latent component of negative affect (NA). The current study
had two aims, (a) to compare a tripartite factor structure against competing models by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)
of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) (Lovibond and Lovibond 1995), and (b) explore the psychometric properties of the DASS-21. The DASS-21 was completed by a representative sample of 4039
young Australians, aged 12–18 years, as part of the South Australian Youth Mental Health Survey (SAYMHS), South Australia,
Australia. The best fitting model for the data consisted of anhedonic depression, physiological hyperarousal, and general
NA. The psychometric properties of the DASS-21 were excellent with a stable and interpretable factor structure and good internal
consistency. The results of the current study suggest that the theoretical tripartite structure of depression and anxiety
is robust and applicable among Australian youth. The diagnostic, clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are
discussed. 相似文献
376.
Susan D. Phillips Sonya J. Leathers Alaattin Erkanli 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(2):183-191
This study describes changes over a 36-month period in the lives of children of probationers who were subjects of reports
of maltreatment. Data on a nationally representative sample of reported victims of maltreatment were used to examine probationer-parents’
contact with the criminal justice system, and concurrent changes in their children’s households, risk exposure, and emotional
and behavioral problems. Results show that 36 months after coming in contact with the child welfare system, about 40% of probationer’s
children no longer lived with their probationer-parents. During the same period, children’s exposure to risk (i.e., parental
substance abuse, mental illness, and domestic violence) dropped markedly; however, there was an upward trend in the prevalence
of child emotional and behavioral problems. These problems ultimately declined among very young children, but persisted among
elementary school age children. Further prospective studies are needed to better understand the confluence of factors affecting
the outcomes of probationers’ children. 相似文献
377.
青少年病理性互联网使用量表的编制与验证 总被引:30,自引:1,他引:29
参照国内外研究并结合我国青少年的实际情况,旨在编制出更适合我国情况的青少年病理性互联网使用量表(Adolescent Pathological Internet Use Scale,APIUS)。探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析的结果表明APIUS由6个维度构成,即突显性、耐受性、强迫性上网/戒断症状、心境改变、社交抚慰、消极后果。APIUS显示了良好的信、效度指标,可以作为我国青少年病理性互联网使用的测量工具 相似文献
378.
This brief report details a preliminary investigation into how community-level variability in knowledge of Aboriginal languages relate to “band”-level measures of youth suicide. In Canada, and, more specifically, in the province of British Columbia (BC), Aboriginal youth suicide rates vary substantially from one community to another. The results reported demonstrate that not only did this simple language-use indicator prove to have predictive power over and above that of six other cultural continuity factors identified in previous research, but also that youth suicide rates effectively dropped to zero in those few communities in which at least half the band members reported a conversational knowledge of their own “Native” language. 相似文献
379.
李娜 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(3):49-51
认为妨害传染病防治罪的可罚范围有待拓宽,应将一些乙类传染病和其他突发性强、致死率高的传染病纳入本罪规制的范围;行为方式有待明确,运用刑法典与附属刑法相配合的立法模式是一种较为理想的做法;刑罚设置上有待进一步完善,增加罚金刑的适用,对后果特别严重的情形可以结果加重犯来处理。 相似文献
380.
Heinicke BE Paxton SJ McLean SA Wertheim EH 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(3):379-391
This study evaluated a targeted intervention designed to alleviate body image and eating problems in adolescent girls that
was delivered over the internet so as to increase access to the program. The program consisted of six, 90-minute weekly small
group, synchronous on-line sessions and was facilitated by a therapist and manual. Participants were 73 girls (mean age=14.4
years, SD=1.48) who self-identified as having body image or eating problems and were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=36) (assessed at baseline, post-intervention and at 2- and 6-months follow-up) or a delayed treatment control group (n=37) (assessed at baseline and 6–7 weeks later). Clinically significant improvements in body dissatisfaction, disordered eating,
and depression were observed at post-intervention and maintained at follow-up. Internet delivery was enthusiastically endorsed.
The program offers a promising approach to improve body image and eating problems that also addresses geographic access problems. 相似文献