Development and Validation of the Screen for Adolescent Violence Exposure (SAVE)

Empirical evidence was provided on the utility of the Screen for Adolescent Violence Exposure (SAVE) in assessing adolescent exposure to school, home, and community violence. The SAVE was empirically developed on 1,250 inner-city adolescents, and obtained excellent reliability and validity. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified three factors: Traumatic Violence, Indirect Violence, and Physical/Verbal Abuse. The SAVE demonstrated utility in classifying high- and low-violence participants, and correlated significantly with both objective crime data and theoretically relevant constructs (anger, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and internalizing/externalizing problems). Thus, the SAVE provides measurement of the stressor criterion associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, and allows quantification of severity of violence exposure by setting.     

青少年自我价值感量表构念效度的验证性因素分析

用自编的青少年自我价值感量表对我国 9个大城市的大中学校的 4 931名学生进行了再测量 ,以其中的2 4 2 0名学生的数据进行一阶因素模型的比较分析 ,另外 2 5 11名学生的数据进行二阶因素模型的验证性分析。结果显示 ,我们提出的自我价值感的多层次多维度模型是合理。该模型包括总体自我价值感、一般自我价值感和特殊自我价值感三个层次 ;总体自我价值感抽象程度最高 ,其次是一般自我价值感包含社会取向和个人取向两种 ,抽象程度最低的是特殊自我价值感表现为生理的、心理的、人际的、道德的和家庭的自我价值感 5个具体方面同时也表现为社会取向和个人取向两种。该量表包含 5 6个题项从不同的抽象层次和具体方面对所构建的自我价值感模型进行测量 ,具有较好的构念效度     

Psychopathology Following Interpersonal Violence: A Comparison of Risk Factors in Older and Younger Adults

A randomly selected sample of 549 women age 55 years and older and 2,669 women age 18–34 years was interviewed via telephone to determine prevalences of physical and sexual assault, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, and depression. Prevalences of sexual and physical assaults were lower in older compared to younger women. In addition, given a trauma, prevalences and proportionate risk of posttraumatic psychopathology and depression were also lower for older, relative to younger women. Specifically, multivariate analyses revealed that sexual assault predicted only PTSD avoidance in older adults, but all forms of PTSD symptomatology and depression in younger adult women. Similarly, physical assault predicted only PTSD re-experiencing symptoms in older women, but all forms of PTSD symptoms and depression in younger women. Self-reported health status was not associated with any increased risk of psychopathology, and low income predicted increased avoidance and depression only in younger women.     

母子性格、性格匹配与青少年期母子冲突的关系

从成都市两所中学选取709名初一至高三的学生和他们的母亲,采用问卷调查的方式,要求学生报告自己的性格,以及过去六个月中母子冲突的形式和在八个方面母子冲突的频率,要求母亲报告自己的性格,以探讨母子性格、性格匹配和青少年期母子冲突的关系。结果发现,母亲的情绪稳定性与母子冲突的关系更为明显,可以预测很多方面的母子冲突。     

A predictive model for psychological reactions to crime in Italy: an analysis of fear of crime and concern about crime as a social problem

In this study a model for predicting fear of crime (FC) and concern about crime as a social problem (CC) in Italy has been built, using three sets of independent variables concerning: (a) the sociodemographic and criminal victimization domain; (b) the psychosocial domain; and (c) the mass media. A secondary analysis on data gathered by the Observatory of the North‐West (N = 3262, a mail panel that is representative of the Italian population over 18) has been performed. Results showed that FC and CC are related yet distinct constructs: FC is less widespread than CC, and has different predictors. FC predictors are sociodemographic, psychosocial and, above all, victimization variables; whereas mass media and psychosocial variables predict CC. Results were compared with the literature on the topic. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Writing ourselves into being: writing as spiritual self‐care for adolescent girls. Part Two

This paper, the second of two parts, reports the claims of a participatory qualitative research project that explores the inner self‐awareness and self‐presentation of adolescent girls based on excerpts from their own adolescent writings. The participants selected material from their own diaries and poetry written between 1969 and 1999 (ages 11–17) that spoke to their adolescent spiritual concerns. The research team addressed questions of audience, voice, intention in writing and the role writing played in maintaining an inner life and sense of self. The persistent themes that arose were creating solitude, transforming to calm, preserving sensitivity, nurturing voice, and connecting beyond the self, while the central identified theme was care of self. Part One set out context and process and then addressed the first two themes. Part Two explores the remaining themes and some implications for care work with adolescent girls.     

Writing ourselves into being: writing as spiritual self‐care for adolescent girls. Part One

This paper, the first of two parts, reports the claims of a participatory qualitative research project that explores the inner self‐awareness and self‐presentation of adolescent girls based on excerpts from their own adolescent writings. The participants selected material from their own diaries and poetry written between 1969–1999 (ages 11–17) that spoke to their adolescent spiritual concerns. The research team addressed questions of audience, voice, intention in writing and the role writing played in maintaining an inner life and sense of self. The persistent themes that arose were creating solitude, transforming to calm, preserving sensitivity, nurturing voice and connecting beyond the self, while the central identified theme was care of self. This first paper sets out context and process then addresses the first two themes. Part Two, to be published in a later edition of this journal, will explore the remaining themes and some implications for care work with adolescent girls.     

青少年的父母监控状况及其对社会适应的影响

以2324名中学生为被试,采用问卷法考察青少年的父母监控状况,并探讨了青少年的父母监控与社会适应、情绪性人格的关系。结果发现:(1)青少年的父母监控在年级和性别上存在显著差异:在父母对青少年的知晓度方面,女生显著高于男生;在父母对青少年的消极控制方面,男生显著高于女生;但在自主准予方面,性别差异不显著。且在父母监控的三维度上均呈现出年级越高得分越低的趋势。(2)青少年的父母监控可以分为民主型、控制型和放任型,它们在青少年群体中的比例分别是38%、30%和32%。(3)不同父母监控类型的青少年在社会适应八个维度上的差异均达到了极其显著的水平。(4)情绪性人格对父母监控与青少年消极适应的关系有显著的调节作用。     

Leadership and Adolescent Girls: A Qualitative Study of Leadership Development

This research investigated youth leadership experiences of adolescent girls who participated in a comprehensive feminist-based leadership program. This qualitative study utilized a grounded theory approach to understand changes that occurred in 10 female adolescent participants. The words of the participants revealed that initially they viewed leadership in traditional terms and were hesitant to identify themselves as leaders or to see themselves included within their concepts of leadership. Following the program their view of leadership expanded and diversified in a manner that allowed for inclusion of themselves within it. They spoke with greater strength and confidence and felt better positioned and inspired to act as leaders. Participants identified having examples of women leaders, adopting multiple concepts of leadership, and participating in an environment of mutual respect and trust as factors that contributed to their expanded conceptualization.     

Testing a Gender Additive Model: The Role of Body Image in Adolescent Depression

Despite consistent evidence that adolescent girls are at greater risk of developing depression than adolescent boys, risk factor models that account for this difference have been elusive. The objective of this research was to examine risk factors proposed by the gender additive model of depression that attempts to partially explain the increased prevalence of depression in adolescent girls. The theory suggests that body image and eating related variables predict depression for girls, but not for boys, above and beyond the variance accounted for by other well-known risk factors, some of which were examined in the current study. The sample was 247 adolescent girls and 181 adolescent boys studied over a 24-month duration. Results suggest that body dissatisfaction is a potent predictor of depression for girls, but not for boys, above and beyond the predictive effects of other established risk factors. Results provide insight into the etiology of adolescent depression and the disparate rate of depression among adolescent girls and provide direction for identifying high-risk individuals and developing effective prevention programs.