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451.
小脑与发展性阅读障碍 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
发展性阅读障碍是学龄儿童面临的学习问题之一。近年来,许多行为和神经生理学、影像学实验都发现,发展性阅读障碍的儿童有明显的运动功能失调,如平衡性差、身体灵敏度不够以及自动化水平低。Nicolson等人提出的小脑理论认为,阅读障碍者的小脑功能失调影响了书写及发音,导致语音及阅读能力不足,而且小脑与时间控制有关,阅读障碍者的时间估计能力有缺陷与他们的小脑功能失调有关。本文回顾了有关小脑理论的研究,并指出小脑的认知功能还有待进一步的研究。 相似文献
452.
453.
Steingrimsson and Luce [Journal of Mathematical Psychology, in press] outlined the second author's proposed psychophysical theory [Luce (2002), Psychological Review, 109, 520-532; Luce (2004a) Psychological Review, 111, 446-454] and tested behavioral attributes that, separately, gave rise to two psychophysical functions, Ψ⊕ and Ψ°p. The function Ψ⊕ maps pairs of physical intensities onto the positive real numbers and represents subjective summation, and the function Ψ°p represents a form of ratio production. This article evaluates properties linking summation and production in such a way as to force Ψ°p=Ψ⊕=Ψ. These properties, which are a form of distributivity, are subjected to an empirical evaluation in three experiments. The testing strategy is carried out in the auditory domain and concerns the subjective perception of loudness. Considerable support is provided for the existence of a single function Ψ for both summation and ratio production. 相似文献
454.
455.
Christopher T. Burris Nyla R. Branscombe 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2005,41(3):305-312
Six experiments explored the possibility that the categorization of self versus not-self can distort visual estimations of distance. In Experiments 1-3, Americans overestimated the distance between a U.S. location and a foreign location relative to a visually equidistant U.S. location. In Experiment 4, Canadians overestimated foreign relative to Canadian locations. Experiment 5 showed that this effect occurs even when the domestic context is not physically contiguous. Experiment 6 showed that distance distortion occurs only when crossing one’s own border to a foreign location, not when crossing borders from one foreign location to another. Thus, crossing the psychological boundary between self and not-self creates a visual illusion that distorts on-line distance estimates. 相似文献
456.
This paper shows how to define probability distributions over linguistically realistic syntactic structures in a way that permits us to define language learning and language comprehension as statistical problems. We demonstrate our approach using lexical‐functional grammar (LFG), but our approach generalizes to virtually any linguistic theory. Our probabilistic models are maximum entropy models. In this paper we concentrate on statistical inference procedures for learning the parameters that define these probability distributions. We point out some of the practical problems that make straightforward ways of estimating these distributions infeasible, and develop a “pseudo‐likelihood” estimation procedure that overcomes some of these problems. This method raises interesting questions concerning the nature of the data available to a language learner and the modularity of language learning and processing. 相似文献
457.
传统锚题-非等组设计下的测验等值,等值要求的满足具有主观性,并且由于锚题失效或难以获得等因素的影响,则该方法的使用受到了限制。因此,本研究基于规则空间模型的Q矩阵理论,生成两个Q矩阵相同但无锚题的测验的共同受测者,使用共同组设计,利用同时性估计的方法对测验进行等值,并考虑了作答失误率和测验结构对等值稳定性的影响。结果表明:共同组设计同时估计方法的等值稳定性取得了优于或等于锚题-非等组同时估计方法;失误率的增大也会导致等值稳定性的下降;并且不同的测验结构也对等值稳定性产生了影响,其中直线型和收敛型结构稳定性较好,发散型和无结构型较差。 相似文献
458.
In the present article, we recall the principle of articles consummation as defined by the ISI creator (Institute for Scientific Information). That principle justifies the impact factor (IF) used as a measure of a journal scientific value, of a researcher or of a researcher group… We expose some assumptions that support the IF validity. Further we demonstrate that, on the one hand, these assumptions are not very well established and, on the other hand, that principle and the IF success bias the scientific activity. We consider next two shapes that this bias could take: at best a phenomenon of fashions, at worst, an ideological war having as purpose the American way of thinking domination. 相似文献
459.
Experiencing past and future personal events: functional neuroimaging evidence on the neural bases of mental time travel 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Functional MRI was used in healthy subjects to investigate the existence of common neural structures supporting re-experiencing the past and pre-experiencing the future. Past and future events evocation appears to involve highly similar patterns of brain activation including, in particular, the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior regions and the medial temporal lobes. This result seems to support the view of a common neurocognitive system, which would allow humans to mentally travel through time. Past events recollection was associated with greater amplitude of hippocampal and anterior medial prefrontal hemodynamic responses. This result is discussed in terms of the involvement of the self in the conscious experience of past and future events representations. More generally, our data provide new evidence in favour of the idea that re- and pre-experiencing past and future events may rely on similar cognitive capacities. 相似文献
460.
结构方程模型中调节效应的标准化估计 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
回归分析和结构方程分析中,标准化估计对解释模型和比较效应大小有重要作用。对于调节效应模型(或交互效应模型),通常的标准化估计没有意义。虽然显变量的调节效应模型标准化估计问题已经解决,但潜变量的调节效应模型标准化估计问题复杂得多。本文先介绍回归分析中显变量调节效应模型的标准化估计,然后提出了一种通过参数的原始估计和通常标准化估计来计算潜变量调节效应模型的“标准化”估计的方法,得到的“标准化”估计是尺度不变的,说明可以用“标准化”估计来解释和比较主效应和调节效应 相似文献